Characterization of flow and mixing in an SMX static mixer

Zalc, Jeffrey M.; Szalai, E. S.; Muzzio, Fernando J.; Jaffer, Shaffiq A.

doi:10.1002/aic.690480303

Cited by 96 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Only few groups were capable of performing simulations, like Muzio [59,60] and Tanguy [61]. Application of methods from dynamical systems theory is complicated due to the inherent numerical nature of the velocity field and any attempt of optimization remained a problem given the limited number of computations that could be performed in reasonable time [62].…”

Section: Smx Type Of Mixersmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the performance of static mixers: A quantitative comparison

Meijer

Singh

Anderson

2012

Progress in Polymer Science

115

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This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. b s t r a c tThe performance of industrially relevant static mixers that work via chaotic advection in the Stokes regime for highly viscous fluids, flowing at low Reynolds numbers, like the Kenics, the Ross Low-Pressure Drop (LPD) and Low-Low-Pressure Drop (LLPD), the standard Sulzer SMX, and the recently developed new design series of the SMX, denoted as SMX(n) (n, N p , N x ) = (n, 2n − 1, 3n), is compared using as criteria both energy consumption, measured in terms of the dimensionless pressure drop, and compactness, measured as the dimensionless length. Results are generally according to expectations: open mixers are most energy efficient, giving the lowest pressure drop, but this goes at the cost of length, while the most compact mixers require large pressure gradients to drive the flow. In compactness, the new series SMX(n), like the SMX(n = 3) (3, 5, 9) design, outperform all other devices with at least a factor 2. An interesting result is that in terms of energy efficiency the simple SMX (1, 1, 4, Â = 135 • ) outperforms the Kenics RL 180• , which was the standard in low pressure drop mixing, and gives results identical to the optimized Kenics RL 140• . This makes the versatile "X"-designs, based on crossing bars, superior in all respects.

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Section: Smx Type Of Mixersmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the performance of static mixers: A quantitative comparison

Meijer

Singh

Anderson

2012

Progress in Polymer Science

115

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“…One typical static mixer, the Kenics static mixer (the so-called standard mixer) has been on the market for about 60 years. In previous studies on static mixers, characteristics such as residence time distributions, pressure drop, stretching rates, and degree of mixing have been investigated experimentally (Chen, 1973;Grace, 1971;Pahl and Muschelknautz, 1982;Wilkinson and Cliff, 1977;Wu et al, 2008Wu et al, , 2010Zhang et al, 2006), as well as numerically, using computational fluid dynamics (Byrde and Sawley, 1999;Hobbs and Muzzio, 1997, 1998a, 1998bHobbs et al, 1998;Joshi et al, 1995;Kumar et al, 2008;Mårten et al, 2006Mårten et al, , 2008Rauline et al, 1998;Visser et al, 1999;Zalc et al, 2002). Yet, they have not been well characterized due to the complexity of the flow structure inside static mixers (Mårten et al, 2006(Mårten et al, , 2008 Except for high viscosity liquids, the flow conditions of fluid mixing in most static mixers were considered to be as turbulent flow, which contains a series of eddies with a wide range of time and length scales and hence helps to promote macro-and micro mixing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-frequency analysis of Hilbert spectrum of pressure fluctuation time series in a Kenics Static Mixer based on empirical mode decomposition

Meng

Liu

et al. 2012

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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had lower amplitudes at r/R=0.3 because of the core of forced vortex. Nevertheless, the effect of the free vortex was that the pressure fluctuation with lower energy ratio of low frequency had higher amplitudes at r/R=0.8. The higher amplitudes of pressure fluctuation at cross sections of CS3 (z=420 mm) and CS5 (z=620 mm) proved that the transitions between the adjacent mixing element had better mixing performance.

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“…Through numerical simulation, Jongen (2000) and Ghoreishy et al (1997) had demonstrated that different geometry or shape of chamber and blades affect the efficiency of the process. Zalc et al (2002) suggested that the lower flow rates produced more effective mixing at a smaller energy cost in static mixers. Goodrich and Porter (1967), Serpe et al (1990), and Bousmina et al (1999) developed models and experimental procedures for indirect or direct estimation of shear rate and viscosity using internal mixer rotor speed and torque data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melting Quality of Polymers in Internal Mixer Diagnosed by Ultrasound

Cheng

Banakar

Ooi

et al. 2009

International Polymer Processing

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Real-time, non-intrusive and non-destructive ultrasonic technology has been used to monitor the melting process in an internal mixer. Visual observation, mechanical torque measurement, and ultrasonic signatures, such as amplitude and time delay of transmission and reflection echoes were used for the diagnosis of the melting process of low density polyethylene (LDPE). Phenomena during the melting process, including phase change from solid to melt, partially melted pellets, air bubbles inside the melt, were successfully monitored by ultrasound. The ultrasonic signatures were able to determine when the polymer has melted completely. The method of moving standard deviation (MSD) was applied to establish the melting completion timing accurately. Higher temperature of mixing chamber and faster rotation speed of blades reduced melting completion period, indicated by MSD of ultrasonic signatures. The presented ultrasonic technique can be utilized to optimize the melting process.

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Characterization of flow and mixing in an SMX static mixer

Abstract: Laminar flow and mixing of a Newtonian fluid are characterized in a four-element

Cited by 96 publications

References 22 publications

On the performance of static mixers: A quantitative comparison

On the performance of static mixers: A quantitative comparison

Time-frequency analysis of Hilbert spectrum of pressure fluctuation time series in a Kenics Static Mixer based on empirical mode decomposition

Melting Quality of Polymers in Internal Mixer Diagnosed by Ultrasound

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