Characterization of field isolates of infectious laryngotracheitis virus from Ontario

Molecular epidemiology of infectious laryngotracheitis: a review

“…In North America, target genes sequenced either in their entirety or partially include ICP4, UL47, gB, gG and gM (Ojkic et al, 2006;Callison et al, 2009). In South America the ICP4 gene has been sequenced (Chacon & Ferreira, 2009;Chacon et al, 2010), and in the UK the TK and ICP4 genes are the targets (Creelan et al, 2006).…”

“…The use of multi-locus PCR-RFLP and sequencing of more than two genes produced the discriminatory power necessary to identify CEO-related isolates and differentiate these from non-vaccine-related isolates, particularly in North America, Europe, South America and East Asia (Chang et al, 1997;Han & Kim, 2001;Kirkpatrick et al, 2006b;Ojkic et al, 2006;Oldoni et al, 2008;Neff et al, 2008;Chacon et al, 2010;Moreno et al, 2010). In some cases a combination of PCR-RFLP and sequencing was necessary to achieve a greater degree of discrimination.…”

“…In some cases a combination of PCR-RFLP and sequencing was necessary to achieve a greater degree of discrimination. For instance, to differentiate Canadian field isolates from vaccine strains a combination of PCR-RFLP analysis of the ICP4, UL47, gE, and gG genes with sequencing of UL47 and gG genes was utilized (Ojkic et al, 2006). Differentiation of field isolates and vaccine strains from Brazil was achieved using PCR-RFLP of the TK, ICP4, UL47/gG, and gE genes combined with sequencing of the TK and ICP4 genes (Chacon & Ferreira, 2009;Chacon et al, 2010).…”

“…Typing methods that distinguish between GaHV-1 isolates and vaccine strains of the USA, Australia, Europe and Asia (Chang et al, 1997;Ojkic et al, 2006;Chacon et al, 2010;Moreno et al, 2010) utilized varied combinations of genes (multilocus genotyping) ( Table 3). Most of the multilocus genotyping schemes target common genes (TK, ICP4, UL47 and gG).…”

Molecular detection and characterization of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (Gallid herpesvirus-1) from clinical samples of commercial poultry flocks in India

“…The gG gene US4 has been predicted to form a coterminal transcription unit with the translocated UL47 gene of ILTV [32], and were only found in infected cells [8,27]. The differentiation of vaccine and ''wild-type'' ILT viruses based on sequencing of UL47 and glycoprotein G genes could serve as a useful tool for future investigations [22].ILTV infection causes respiratory disease symptoms in chickens, pheasants, partridges, and peafowl [5,13]. Clinical signs include extension of the neck, gasping, gurgling, rattling, and coughing of clotted blood [11,17].…”