Characterization of Feces for Describing the Aerobic Biodegradation of Feces

Zavala, Miguel Ángel López; Funamizu, Naoyuki; Takakuwa, Tetsuo

doi:10.2208/jscej.2002.720_99

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The average COD obtained for faecal material at the surface of the 16 pits investigated was found to be 0.603 gCOD/g dry sample, which is significantly lower than the approximate value of 1.13 gCOD/g dry sample obtained from the characterisation study of fresh faeces by Nwaneri (2009) and other values reported in the literature, such as that of Almeida (1992) and Lopez (2002). Also, there was a significant difference in the amount of volatile solid (58%gVS/gTS) at the surface of the pit compared to that of faeces (84% gVS/gTS) and the average biodegradability obtained for the surface layer (52%) of the pit was found to be significantly lower (80%) than that of fresh faeces values reported in the literature.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Variation in VIP latrine sludge contents

Bakare¹,

Foxon²,

Brouckaert³

et al. 2012

WSA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigated variations in the characteristics of the sludge content from different ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines and variation in these characteristics at specific depths within each pit. Faecal sludge from 16 VIP latrines within the eThekwini Municipality was collected and laboratory characterisation including moisture content, total and volatile solids, chemical oxygen demand, and aerobic biodegradability was performed. Sludge samples were collected from 4 specific depths within each pit investigated. The laboratory characterisation performed showed that none of the VIP latrines investigated had the same sludge characteristics, and that within a pit sludge characteristics varied with increasing depth in the pit. This supports the motivating hypothesis that, depending on household habits and local environmental conditions, there should be considerable variation in the organic contents, moisture content, non-biodegradable content and microbial population between different pits. This variation with increasing depth within a pit is expected, since fresh material is constantly being added to the pit overlaying older material which might have undergone a certain degree of stabilisation.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Variation in VIP latrine sludge contents

Bakare¹,

Foxon²,

Brouckaert³

et al. 2012

WSA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The COD values of feces reported in the literature showed greater variability than those of urine. The fecal COD value used in this study is the average of the following values (g/person/day): 48 (Takahashi et al, 1989), 34 (Bennett and Linstedt, 1975), 68 (Nwaneri et al, 2008), and 87 (Lopez Zavala et al, 2002), assuming a dry mass of feces of 60 g/person/day (Gao et al, 2002). The daily volume of gray water is typical of rural areas in China (Haase, 2011).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative environmental impacts of source-separation systems for domestic wastewater management in rural China

Lam

Kurisu

Hanaki

2015

Journal of Cleaner Production

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…This variation is attributed to subjects' diet, age, health, lifestyle, climate and geographical region (Lopez Zavala et al, 2002;Buzie-Fru, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear rheological properties of fresh human faeces with different moisture content

Woolley¹,

Cottingham²,

Pocock³

et al. 2014

WSA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dry sanitation requires the handling of faeces, which vary in age and degree of transformation. Rheological data are necessary to support the design of equipment to handle faeces. The rheological properties of fresh human faeces were measured using a variable-speed rotational rheometer. Samples were further tested for moisture content, total solids, volatile content, and ash content. Faecal samples were found to have a yield stress; there was a decrease in apparent viscosity with increasing shear rate. For any given shear rate, higher apparent viscosities are associated with lower moisture contents. Across a range of water contents of 58.5% to 88.7%, apparent viscosities of 27 Pa•s to 2 014 Pa•s were measured at a shear rate of 1 s -1 . During constant shear tests, the apparent viscosity of all faeces was found to decrease asymptotically, where the minimum apparent viscosity value increased with decreasing moisture content. A structural recovery test indicates that human faeces are thixotropic in behaviour, where the viscosity permanently decreases to 0.5% of the initial value after a 20 s exposure to a shear rate of 10 s -1 . A linear relationship between viscosity and temperature was found, with a recorded 30.6% decrease in viscosity for a 35.6 °C increase in temperature from 13.4°C.

show abstract

Characterization of Feces for Describing the Aerobic Biodegradation of Feces

Cited by 28 publications

References 6 publications

Variation in VIP latrine sludge contents

Variation in VIP latrine sludge contents

Comparative environmental impacts of source-separation systems for domestic wastewater management in rural China

Shear rheological properties of fresh human faeces with different moisture content

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About