Characterization of fecal vancomycin-resistant enterococci with acquired and intrinsic resistance mechanisms in wild animals, Spain

Lozano, Carmen; González‐Barrio, David; Camacho, Maria Cruz; Lima-Barbero, José Francisco; Puente, Javier de la; Höfle, Úrsula; Torres, Carmén

doi:10.1007/s00248-015-0648-x

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Thus, macrolide resistance, mediated by the erm(B) gene, has been linked to a conjugative plasmid that also harbored vanA genes, and therefore, both genes were cotransferred (29). In the present report, 26 (68.4%) isolates harbored the vanA and erm(B) genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

“…Some enterococci present an intrinsic mechanism of vancomycin resistance, mediated by the vanC gene, which confers low level of vancomycin resistance and is not transferable; this gene is inherent to the species E. gallinarum (vanC-1), E. casseliflavus (vanC-2), and E. flavescens (vanC-3) (29). Additionally, acquired vancomycin resistance in enterococci can be due to different van genes, of which vanA and vanB are the most common and clinically important.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Capacity of Listeria monocytogenes Strains from the 2011 Cantaloupe Outbreak To Adhere, Survive, and Grow on Cantaloupe

Martinez

Osborne

Jayeola

et al. 2016

Journal of Food Protection

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The 2011 listeriosis outbreak attributed to whole cantaloupe involved several genetically distinct strains of serotypes 1/2a and 1/2b that had not been previously reported in invasive listeriosis outbreaks. Here we investigated the potential of strains from the 2011 cantaloupe outbreak to adhere, survive, and grow on cantaloupe rind and flesh and in juice extracted from cantaloupe at different temperatures (4, 8, and 25°C). All strains were able to adhere and grow, with ∼10-fold increases after 7 days at 4 or 8°C and after 24 h at 25°C, with a propensity for more growth on rind than on flesh or in extract. No significant differences in growth potential were noted among the different strains or between them and unrelated strains from other listeriosis outbreaks involving celery, deli meats, or hot dogs. Similarly to the cantaloupe outbreak strains, these other strains exhibited greater propensity for growth on rind than on flesh or in extract. Rinsing of cantaloupe fragments in sterile water resulted in temporary reductions of the populations by 50- to 100-fold, suggesting the potential of such washing to reduce risk if the produce is promptly consumed. The absence of marked differences in adherence or growth between the cantaloupe outbreak strains and strains from other outbreaks highlights the need to further characterize the 2011 cantaloupe outbreak strains and elucidate potential biological attributes that contributed to their implication in the outbreak.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacity of Listeria monocytogenes Strains from the 2011 Cantaloupe Outbreak To Adhere, Survive, and Grow on Cantaloupe

Martinez

Osborne

Jayeola

et al. 2016

Journal of Food Protection

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“…Most of the studies on AMR in wildlife have focused on microorganisms relevant for human health, such as Escherichia coli, [6][7][8][9][10] Enterococcus spp., 11,12 or Salmonella spp. 13 According to Vittecoq et al, 5 the diversity of detected resistance mechanisms and the proportion of individual hosts carrying resistant bacteria increase with the proximity to anthropized settlements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Susceptibility and Virulence Factors inEscherichia colifrom Sympatric Wildlife of the Apuan Alps Regional Park (Tuscany, Italy)

Turchi

Dec

Bertelloni

et al. 2019

Microbial Drug Resistance

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Today a growing number of studies are focusing on antibiotic resistance in wildlife. This is due to the potential role of wild animals as reservoirs and spreaders of pathogenic and resistant bacteria. This study focused on isolating and identifying Escherichia coli from the feces of wild animals living in the Apuan Alps Regional Park (Tuscany, Italy) and evaluating some of their antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity traits. Eighty-five fecal samples from different species were studied. Seventy-one E. coli were identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry analysis, subjected to antibiograms and polymerase chain reaction for the detection of antibiotic resistance genes and pathogenicity factors. The highest resistance rates were found against cephalothin (39.4%) and ampicillin (33.8%), followed by amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (15.5%), streptomycin (12.7%), and tetracycline (5.6%). Regarding resistance genes, 39.4% of the isolates were negative for all tested genes. The remaining isolates were positive for bla CMY-2 , sul2, strA-strB and aadA1, tet(B), and tet(A), encoding resistance to beta-lactams, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, and tetracycline, respectively. With regard to virulence factors, 63.4% of the isolates were negative for all genes; 21.1% carried astA alone, which is associated with different pathotypes, 9.9% carried both escV and eaeA (aEPEC); single isolates (1.4%) harbored escV (aEPEC), escV associated with astA and eaeA (aEPEC), astA with stx2 and hlyA (EHEC) or astA and stx1, stx2, and hlyA (EHEC). These results show that wildlife from nonanthropized environments can be a reservoir for antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and suggest the need for a deeper knowledge on their origin and diffusion mechanisms through different ecological niches.

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“…In humans and other species, inhabit various sites including the oral cavity, genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts ( Lebreton et al, 2014 ). The genus Enterococcus consists of over 50 diverse species, and Enterococcus faecalis , E. faecium , E. hirae , E. durans , E. casseliflavus , E. gallinarum , and E. mundtii are the most frequently encountered in the gastrointestinal tracts of animals ( Poeta et al, 2005 ; Cassenego et al, 2011 ; Lozano et al, 2016 ; Medeiros et al, 2017 ). However, the species evaluation in the gastrointestinal tract of primates remains little known ( Xavier et al, 2010 ; Glover, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles in Enterococcus spp. Isolates From Fecal Samples of Wild and Captive Black Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus nigritus) in South Brazil

et al. 2018

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The environment, human, and animals play an important role in the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Enterococci are members of the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals and represent important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes. Until today, few studies have examined antibiotic susceptibility in enterococci isolated from primates. Therefore, the present study investigated species distribution, antibiotic susceptibility, and resistance genes in enterococci isolated from wild and captive black capuchins monkeys (Sapajus nigritus) in Rio Grande do Sul, South Brazil. A total of 24 swabs/fecal samples were collected, including 19 from wild monkeys living in two forest fragments [São Sebastião do Caí (SSC) and Santa Cruz do Sul (SCS)], and five in captive [Parque Zoológico da Fundação Zoobotânica (ZOO)], between August 2016 and November 2017. Fifteen colonies were randomly selected from each sample. Enterococci were identified by MALDI-TOF, tested for susceptibility to 12 antibiotics; and screened for tet(S), tet(M), tet(L), msrC, and erm(B) genes by PCR. Two-hundred ninety-six enterococci were isolated (SSC n = 137; SCS n = 86; ZOO n = 73) and differences in Enterococcus species distribution were detected on three monkey groups, with low abundance in SCS (1 - D = 0.2), followed by ZOO (1 - D = 0.68), and SSC (1 - D = 0.73). The enterococci frequently recovered include the following: Enterococcus faecalis (42.6%), E. hirae (29.1%), and E. faecium (15.9%). Antibiotic-nonsusceptible was observed in 202 (67.9%) strains. The rate of non-susceptibility to rifampicin, tetracycline, erythromycin, nitrofurantoin, chloramphenicol, and ampicillin was 46%, 26%, 22% and 19%, 13%, 0.3%, and 0.3%, respectively. All strains were susceptible to vancomycin, streptomycin, gentamycin, and linezolid. Forty-three (14.52%) isolates were identified as multidrug resistant (MDR), and the highest number of MDR enterococci were E. faecium recovered from wild monkeys living close to a hospital and water treatment plant. Elevated rates of antibiotic resistance genes msrC and tet(L) were isolates from ZOO. In conclusion, differences in the frequency of enterococci species, antibiotic-nonsusceptible and antibiotic resistance genes in all groups of monkeys were identified. These data suggest that anthropogenic activities could have an impact in the resistome of primate gut enterococci communities.

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Characterization of fecal vancomycin-resistant enterococci with acquired and intrinsic resistance mechanisms in wild animals, Spain

Cited by 27 publications

References 42 publications

Capacity of Listeria monocytogenes Strains from the 2011 Cantaloupe Outbreak To Adhere, Survive, and Grow on Cantaloupe

Capacity of Listeria monocytogenes Strains from the 2011 Cantaloupe Outbreak To Adhere, Survive, and Grow on Cantaloupe

Antibiotic Susceptibility and Virulence Factors inEscherichia colifrom Sympatric Wildlife of the Apuan Alps Regional Park (Tuscany, Italy)

Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles in Enterococcus spp. Isolates From Fecal Samples of Wild and Captive Black Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus nigritus) in South Brazil

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