Enterococci are natural inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tracts in humans and animals. Epidemiological data suggest that enterococci are important reservoirs of antimicrobial resistant genes that may be transmitted from other bacterial species The aim of this study was to investigate the species composition, antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in enterococci recovered from fecal samples of wild Arctocephalus australis and A. tropicalis found dead along the South Coast of Brazil. From a total of 43 wild fur seals, eleven were selected for this study. Phenotypic and genotypic characterizations were used to classify Enterococcus species. Strains were tested for susceptibility to 10 antibiotics, presence of ace, gelE, asa, cylA, tet(L), tet(M) and erm(B) genes by PCR, and genetic variability using RAPD-PCR. Among the 50 enterococci isolated, 40% were Enterococcus faecalis, 40% E. hirae, 12% E. casseliflavus and 8 % other enterococcal species. Resistance profiles were observed to erythromycin, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. The prevalence of virulence genes was ace (68%), gelE (54%), asa (22%) and cylA (4%). In erythromycin- and tetracycline strains, erm(B) and tet(M) were detected, respectively. The RAPD-PCR demonstrated a close phylogenetic relationship between the enterococci isolated from A. australis and A. tropicalis. In conclusion, different enterococcus species showing antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinates were isolated from fecal samples of fur seals. Antibiotic resistant strains in these animals could be related within food chain and aquatic pollutants or linked to environmental resistome, and demonstrates the potential importance of these animals as reservoirs and disseminators of such determinants in marine environmental.

The environment, human, and animals play an important role in the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Enterococci are members of the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals and represent important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes. Until today, few studies have examined antibiotic susceptibility in enterococci isolated from primates. Therefore, the present study investigated species distribution, antibiotic susceptibility, and resistance genes in enterococci isolated from wild and captive black capuchins monkeys (Sapajus nigritus) in Rio Grande do Sul, South Brazil. A total of 24 swabs/fecal samples were collected, including 19 from wild monkeys living in two forest fragments [São Sebastião do Caí (SSC) and Santa Cruz do Sul (SCS)], and five in captive [Parque Zoológico da Fundação Zoobotânica (ZOO)], between August 2016 and November 2017. Fifteen colonies were randomly selected from each sample. Enterococci were identified by MALDI-TOF, tested for susceptibility to 12 antibiotics; and screened for tet(S), tet(M), tet(L), msrC, and erm(B) genes by PCR. Two-hundred ninety-six enterococci were isolated (SSC n = 137; SCS n = 86; ZOO n = 73) and differences in Enterococcus species distribution were detected on three monkey groups, with low abundance in SCS (1 - D = 0.2), followed by ZOO (1 - D = 0.68), and SSC (1 - D = 0.73). The enterococci frequently recovered include the following: Enterococcus faecalis (42.6%), E. hirae (29.1%), and E. faecium (15.9%). Antibiotic-nonsusceptible was observed in 202 (67.9%) strains. The rate of non-susceptibility to rifampicin, tetracycline, erythromycin, nitrofurantoin, chloramphenicol, and ampicillin was 46%, 26%, 22% and 19%, 13%, 0.3%, and 0.3%, respectively. All strains were susceptible to vancomycin, streptomycin, gentamycin, and linezolid. Forty-three (14.52%) isolates were identified as multidrug resistant (MDR), and the highest number of MDR enterococci were E. faecium recovered from wild monkeys living close to a hospital and water treatment plant. Elevated rates of antibiotic resistance genes msrC and tet(L) were isolates from ZOO. In conclusion, differences in the frequency of enterococci species, antibiotic-nonsusceptible and antibiotic resistance genes in all groups of monkeys were identified. These data suggest that anthropogenic activities could have an impact in the resistome of primate gut enterococci communities.

ResumoO leite de búfala é utilizado principalmente para a produção de queijo mussarela. A procura por produtos derivados de leite de búfala tem aumentado no mercado, consideravelmente, nas últimas décadas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a diversidade e o perfil de suscetibilidade a antimicrobianos de enterococos isolados de amostras de leite cru de búfalas no Sul do Brasil. Amostras de leite cru refrigerado contendo leite de diversas búfalas cedidas pela Cooperativa Sulriograndense de Bubalinocultores Ind. Com. Ltda, durante junho a agosto de 2012, foram empregadas para isolar as bactérias do gênero Enterococcus. Os microorganismos foram identificados em nível de espécie através de suas características fenotípicas, e seus perfis de suscetibilidade a antimicrobianos foram analisados através do método de disco-difusão em ágar. Oitenta colônias foram selecionadas aleatoriamente das amostras de leite cru e as espécies mais frequentes nestas foram Enterococcus faecalis (63,75%), seguida de Enterococcus faecium (28,75%), Enterococcus durans (2,5%), Enterococcus spp. (3,75%) e Lactococcus sp. (1,25%). Os resultados dos testes de sensibilidade revelaram que a maioria dos enterococos era sensível aos antimicrobianos testados. Entretanto, 13,9% apresentaram perfil de resistência a nitrofurantoína, 12,7% a tetraciclina, 1,3% a eritromicina, 1,3% a norfloxacina, 1,3% a cloranfenicol e 1,3% a estreptomicina. Como conclusão, o leite bubalino apresentou uma diversidade de espécie de enterococos semelhante às obtidas em outros alimentos de origem animal. Contudo, a presença de E. faecalis multirresistentes isoladas nesse estudo alerta para a importância da cadeia alimentar na disseminação de resistência aos antimicrobianos de uso clínico fora de ambientes nosocomiais.Palavras-chave: enterococos, leite bubalino, resistência. AbstractBuffalo milk is used mainly for the production of mozzarella cheese. The consumer demand for products manufactured with buffalo milk has increased considerably in recent decades. This study aimed to evaluate the diversity and susceptibility profile of Enterococcus spp. isolated from raw buffalo milk produced in southern region of Brazil. Samples of refrigerated raw milk pooled from several buffaloes were provided by Cooperativa Sulriograndense de Bubalinocultores Ind. Com. Ltda, during the period from June to August 2012, for the evaluation of the Enterococcus genus. Bacterial were identified species by phenotypic characteristics and their susceptibility profiles antibiotic were analyzed using agar disk diffusion method. Eighty colonies were randomly selected from raw milk and in which the most frequent species were Enterococcus faecalis (63.75%), followed by Enterococcus faecium (28.75%), Enterococcus durans (2.5%), Enterococcus spp. (3.75%) and Lactococcus sp. (1.25%). The results of antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that the majority of enterococci were susceptible to the antibiotics tested, however 13.9% were resistant to nitrofurantoin, 12.7% to tetracycline, 1.3% to erythromycin...

O Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal do Paraná (HV-UFPR) é uma unidade de apoio ao atendimento de animais selvagens de vida livre resgatados e de cativeiro. O Hospital assessora órgãos públicos que realizam resgate de animais de vida livre, como o Instituto Água e Terra, e o Zoológico de Curitiba, prestando atendimento veterinário. Esse recurso é importante em vista necessidade de pronto atendimento sem que estas instituições disponham de estrutura hospitalar. O objetivo desse trabalho é de relatar os casos atendidos no período de março de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020 no Laboratório de Odontologia Veterinária do HV-UFPR. Foram atendidos nove animais selvagens, sendo cinco originários de resgate pelo Instituto Água e Terra e quatro do Zoológico de Curitiba. Dentre as espécies atendidas estão quatro primatas, sendo um deles do velho mundo, dois felídeos, dois didelphídeos e um ursídeo. Dentre os animais resgatados, todos apresentaram fraturas dentárias e/ou ósseas e dentre os animais de cativeiro, um apresentava fratura óssea, um apresentava fratura dentária e um caso de doença periodontal grave necessitando de múltiplas extrações. Em todos os animais foi realizada radiografia intraoral digital e avaliação minuciosa da cavidade oral e dos elementos dentários. Foi realizado o procedimento indicado para cada caso. O condicionamento animal para avaliação oral é muito importante em parques zoológicos para prevenção de afecções orais, pois muitas vezes a doença só é notada quando há sinais graves com comprometimento sistêmico. Nos casos de contenção química de animais selvagens, é fundamental realizar todos os exames possíveis, incluindo o exame completo da cavidade oral.