Characterization of fatty acid composition in healthy and bleached corals from Okinawa, Japan

Bachok, Zainudin; Mfilinge, Prosper L.; Tsuchiya, Makoto

doi:10.1007/s00338-006-0130-9

Cited by 86 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Their proportions were similar to those found in other studies (Harland et al 1993;AlMoghrabi et al 1995;Bachok et al 2006). This dominance of PUFA is a major characteristic of marine lipids, even if the proportions vary between species (Meyers 1979; Yamashiro et al 1999) or with temperature (Meyers 1979).…”

Section: % Of Total Sterols Zooplanktonsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Effect of light and feeding on the fatty acid and sterol composition of zooxanthellae and host tissue isolated from the scleractinian coral Turbinaria reniformis

Treignier

Grover

Ferrier‐Pagés

et al. 2008

Limnology & Oceanography

126

119

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The fatty acid and sterol compositions of zooxanthellae and animal fractions of the scleractinian coral Turbinaria reniformis were investigated under different light and feeding conditions, to study the symbiont-host exchanges. Nubbins were maintained during 6 weeks under two light levels (100 mmol photons m 22 s 21 and 300 mmol photons m 22 s 21 ) and two feeding levels (starved and fed with zooplankton) in a factorial experiment. There were greater proportions of some polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; e.g., C18:4 n-3, C20:5 n-3, C22:6 n-3) in the zooxanthellae than in the host, suggesting that these PUFA were synthesized by the algae and transferred to the animal. Conversely, C20:4 n-6 exhibited a greater proportion in the host and might have been synthesized by the animal. Light affected the chlorophyll content, the rates of photosynthesis, and the lipid production of all coral samples. Corals maintained in high-light conditions had lower relative phytol content but higher concentrations of fatty acids (FA) and sterols than the shaded corals. Feeding also affected coral metabolism, but differently according to the light level and despite the fact that the host did not directly incorporate the zooplankton lipids (PUFA and cholesterol). In low light, feeding resulted in an increase of growth rates and storage lipid concentrations, mainly saturated fatty acids (SAFA) and membrane constituents (PUFA and sterols). In high light, the lipid energy from the food was directed toward an increase in calcification, as well as in chlorophyll content and protein content. This study highlights the importance of feeding in sustaining coral metabolism, especially when light, or stress events, is limiting photosynthesis.

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Section: % Of Total Sterols Zooplanktonsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In the case of FA, animals cannot insert double bonds beyond the D9 position, and they cannot synthesize 18:2 n-6 and 18:3 n-3 (Bachok et al 2006). These FA are essential for animals to further synthesize the n-6 and n-3 PUFA (Lehninger 1985;Papina et al 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of light and feeding on the fatty acid and sterol composition of zooxanthellae and host tissue isolated from the scleractinian coral Turbinaria reniformis

Treignier

Grover

Ferrier‐Pagés

et al. 2008

Limnology & Oceanography

126

119

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“…Grottoli et al (2004) observed a decrease in lipid abundance in bleached Porites compressa corals, but no change in Montipora verrucosa. Bachok et al (2006) observed a marked decrease in both total lipid concentration and the relative fatty acid content in bleached Pavona frondifera corals compared to healthy specimens. Taken together, these results suggest that the low relative abundance of fatty acids in the heat stressed Symbiodinium may be a result of decreased total production of lipid, particularly those rich in fatty acids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Previous studies have suggested that a number of factors can influence lipid concentrations and distribution in corals and their symbionts, including availability of food in combination with both light intensity and short-term thermal stress (Treignier et al 2008;Tolosa et al 2011), severity of bleaching events (Bachok et al 2006), and symbiont taxonomy (Zhukova and Titlyanov 2003;Tchernov et al 2004). Treignier et al (2008) found that high light intensity, and to a lesser extent high food availability, resulted in greater concentrations of lipids, including fatty acids and sterols.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in the composition of lipids has been documented as part of the thermal stress response of Symbiodinium in both cultures and samples from the field (Tchernov et al 2004; Bachok et al 2006;Tolosa et al 2011). The utility of fatty acid unsaturation as an indicator of taxonomic sensitivity to thermal stress was proposed by Zhukova and Titlyanov (2003) and explored in detail by Tchernov et al (2004), who found that a ratio of specific fatty acids thought to reside in thylakoid membranes was diagnostic of thermally tolerant versus intolerant clades.…”

Section: Symbiodinium Growing Within the Tentacles And Mesenterial Fimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipid biomarkers in Symbiodinium dinoflagellates: new indicators of thermal stress

et al. 2013

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Lipid content and fatty acid profiles of corals and their dinoflagellate endosymbionts are known to vary in response to high temperature stress. To better understand the heat stress response in these symbionts, we investigated cultures of Symbiodinium goreauii type C1 and Symbiodinium clade subtype D1 grown under a range of temperatures and durations. The predominant lipids produced by Symbiodinium are palmitic (C16) and stearic (C18) saturated fatty acids and their unsaturated analogs, docosahexaenoic (C22:6, n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and a variety of sterols. The relative amount of unsaturated acids within the C18 fatty acids in Symbiodinium tissue decreases in response to thermal stress. Prolonged exposure to high temperature also causes a decrease in abundance of fatty acids relative to sterols. These shifts in fatty acids and sterols are common to both types C1 and D1, but the apparent thermal threshold of lipid changes is lower for type C1. This work indicates that ratios among free fatty acids and sterols in Symbiodinium can be used as sensitive indicators of thermal stress.If the Symbdionium lipid stress response is unchanged in hospite, the algal heat stress biomarkers we have identified could be measured to detect thermal stress within the coral holobiont.. These results provide new insights into the potential role of lipids in the overall Symbiodinium thermal stress response.

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Feeding increases the number of offspring but decreases parental investment of Red Sea coral Stylophora pistillata

Bellworthy

Spangenberg

Fine

2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Successful reproductive output and recruitment is crucial to coral persistence and recovery following anthropogenic stress. Feeding is known to alter coral physiology and increase resilience to bleaching.The goal of the study was to address the knowledge gap of the influence of feeding on reproductive output and offspring phenotype.Colonies of Stylophora pistillata from the Northern Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea) were fed an Artemia diet or unfed for 5 months during gametogenesis, fertilization, and brooding. In addition, time to settlement and mortality of planulae were assessed at water temperatures ranging from winter temperature (22°C) to three degrees above average peak summer temperature (31°C). A range of physiological parameters was measured in parents and offspring.In brooding parents, feeding significantly increased protein concentration and more than tripled the number of released planulae. Planulae from unfed colonies had higher chlorophyll per symbiont concentration and concomitantly higher photosynthetic efficiency compared to planulae from fed parents. In settlement assays, planulae showed a similar thermal resistance as known for this Red Sea adult population. Mortality was greater in planulae from unfed parents at ambient and 3°C above ambient temperature despite higher per offspring investment in terms of total fatty acid content. Fatty acid profiles and relative abundances were generally conserved between different fed and unfed colonies but planulae were enriched in monounsaturated fatty acids relative to adults, that is, 16:1, 18:1, 20:1, 22:1, and 24:1 isomers.Ultimately the availability of zooplankton could influence population physiology and recruitment in corals.

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Characterization of fatty acid composition in healthy and bleached corals from Okinawa, Japan

Cited by 86 publications

References 43 publications

Effect of light and feeding on the fatty acid and sterol composition of zooxanthellae and host tissue isolated from the scleractinian coral Turbinaria reniformis

Effect of light and feeding on the fatty acid and sterol composition of zooxanthellae and host tissue isolated from the scleractinian coral Turbinaria reniformis

Lipid biomarkers in Symbiodinium dinoflagellates: new indicators of thermal stress

Feeding increases the number of offspring but decreases parental investment of Red Sea coral Stylophora pistillata

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