Feeding increases the number of offspring but decreases parental investment of Red Sea coral <i>Stylophora pistillata</i>

Bellworthy, Jessica; Spangenberg, Jorge E.; Fine, Maoz

doi:10.1002/ece3.5712

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(124 reference statements)

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“…These mechanisms could provide metabolic boosts, or conversely detriments during this energetically demanding life stage 101 , (e.g., the presence of Durisdinium [clade D] symbionts reduces growth in coral juveniles 102 ). DNA methylation and other epigenetic mechanisms linked to gene expression regulation 29 , 31 , 54 could also provide a mechanism of heritable epigenetic cross-generational priming (e.g. 103 – 105 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further work in another Pocilloporid coral, Stylophora pistillata , COE from brooding parent exposure to OA and increased temperature results in weak COE, highlighting the potential variation between species 30 . In this same species, the feeding of parents resulted in differences in offspring number and performance 29 . Our current study provides the first investigation of the effects of adult conditioning on offspring ecological performance beyond the initial larval or settlement stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Further, positive MGP was observed in the F2 generation, in terms of development, growth, and juvenile heart rate in the exposure line, relative to the control line 53 . To date, only three studies of reef building corals have identified COE or CGP at the swimming planulae stage in response to OA and temperature 28 , 30 , and feeding 29 , but the longer-term implications of this plasticity across subsequent life stages are not yet known. These responses demonstrate that understanding the potential of parental or developmentally induced plasticity through ontogeny (i.e., ecological ramifications of conditioning) is critical to our view of organism performance on annual to decadal time scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmentally-induced parental or developmental conditioning influences coral offspring ecological performance

Putnam

Ritson‐Williams

Ann

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The persistence of reef building corals is threatened by human-induced environmental change. Maintaining coral reefs into the future requires not only the survival of adults, but also the influx of recruits to promote genetic diversity and retain cover following adult mortality. Few studies examine the linkages among multiple life stages of corals, despite a growing knowledge of carryover effects in other systems. We provide a novel test of coral parental conditioning to ocean acidification (OA) and tracking of offspring for 6 months post-release to better understand parental or developmental priming impacts on the processes of offspring recruitment and growth. Coral planulation was tracked for 3 months following adult exposure to high pCO 2 and offspring from the second month were reciprocally exposed to ambient and high pCO 2 for an additional 6 months. Offspring of parents exposed to high pCO 2 had greater settlement and survivorship immediately following release, retained survivorship benefits during 1 and 6 months of continued exposure, and further displayed growth benefits to at least 1 month post release. Enhanced performance of offspring from parents exposed to high conditions was maintained despite the survivorship in both treatments declining in continued exposure to OA. Conditioning of the adults while they brood their larvae, or developmental acclimation of the larvae inside the adult polyps, may provide a form of hormetic conditioning, or environmental priming that elicits stimulatory effects. Defining mechanisms of positive acclimatization, with potential implications for carry over effects, cross-generational plasticity, and multi-generational plasticity, is critical to better understanding ecological and evolutionary dynamics of corals under regimes of increasing environmental disturbance. Considering environmentallyinduced parental or developmental legacies in ecological and evolutionary projections may better account for coral reef response to the chronic stress regimes characteristic of climate change. Reef-building corals are the foundation for one of the most diverse and economically important ecosystems 1,2. Corals are sensitive to changes in their environment that destabilize the coral-algal symbiosis and disrupt reef primary production and net ecosystem accretion. Even slight changes in temperature, nutrients, light, salinity, and pollution, can negatively affect coral symbiosis and performance 3. The steady increase in CO 2 emissions 4 is heightening the magnitude and frequency of global scale environmental perturbations, exacerbating reef decline already occurring due to local pressures. The emission of CO 2 is elevating atmospheric levels, which is in turn changing the chemistry of the oceans. Ocean acidification (OA) is occurring due to the absorption of atmospheric CO 2 by the ocean and the resulting increase in the concentrations of H + and decrease in CO 3-2 ion concentrations 5. OA energetically challenges calcifying marine organisms because they expend more energy for acid-base re...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Environmentally-induced parental or developmental conditioning influences coral offspring ecological performance

Putnam

Ritson‐Williams

Ann

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…This is even more likely to be true given that Lim et al 47 found that endosymbionts also benefited when residing within fed, PUFA-enriched corals; this suggests that the holobiont’s capacity for autotrophy could actually be promoted by elevated levels of heterotrophy. Perhaps, then, feeding of Artemia would not only benefit industry and restoration, but it could also be used to enhance reproductive output 20 and improve resilience or even convalesce sick corals 2 , 48 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is unsurprising that strong light effects on physiology have been documented in cultured corals 3 , 4 , 23 , 24 . Heterotrophy becomes relatively more important in bleached corals that have lost the capacity for autotrophy, and active feeding has been shown to promote bleaching resilience 3 , 20 , 25 – 28 and raise coral protein levels, chlorophyll concentrations, photosynthetic rates, and growth rates 16 , 17 , 29 , 30 . However, feeding in RAS usually leads to eutrophication and can ultimately actually thwart coral growth when algal blooms occur within the culture tanks 31 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of feeding on the physiological performance of the stony coral Pocillopora acuta

Huang

Mayfield

Fan

2020

Sci Rep

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Reef-building corals rely on both heterotrophy and endosymbiotic dinoflagellate autotrophy to meet their metabolic needs. Those looking to culture these organisms for scientific or industrial purposes must therefore consider both feeding regimes and the light environment. Herein the effects of three photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) levels were assessed in fed and unfed specimens of the model coral Pocillopora acuta that were cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Half of the corals were fed Artemia sp. brine shrimp in a separate feeding tank to prevent biofouling, and fragments were exposed to PAR levels of 105, 157, or 250 μmol quanta m−2 s−1 over a 12-h period each day. All cultured corals survived the 140-day treatment, and the physiological response variables assessed-buoyant weight, specific growth rate, linear extension, color, and Fv/Fm-were significantly influenced by feeding, and, to a lesser extent, light. Specifically, fed corals grew faster and larger, and presented darker pigmentation; corals fed at the highest light levels grew at the fastest rate (6 cm year−1 or 175 mg g−1 week−1). Given the high physiological performance observed, we advocate the active feeding of brine shrimp in RAS by those looking to cultivate P. acuta, and likely other corals, over long-term timescales.

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The reef building coral Stylophora pistillata uses stored carbohydrates to maintain ATP levels under thermal stress

et al. 2021

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Feeding increases the number of offspring but decreases parental investment of Red Sea coral Stylophora pistillata

Cited by 18 publications

References 82 publications

Environmentally-induced parental or developmental conditioning influences coral offspring ecological performance

Environmentally-induced parental or developmental conditioning influences coral offspring ecological performance

Effects of feeding on the physiological performance of the stony coral Pocillopora acuta

The reef building coral Stylophora pistillata uses stored carbohydrates to maintain ATP levels under thermal stress

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