Characterization of exhaust particulates from diesel engine

Sharma, Mukesh; Agarwal, Avinash Kumar; Bharathi, K.V.L.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.12.047

Cited by 110 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…These elements are likely to have originated from road dust due to the poor road conditions at both Balaju and Chabahil and road construction occurring in the Koteshwor-Satdobato segment of the Ring Road during the sampling period. Additionally, some evidence suggests that Fe, Mg, and Ca can also be emitted from diesel vehicles (Sharma et al, 2005). Tracer elements (Ba, Cu, and Zn) contributed 0.8 and 1.2 µg m −3 in the Kathmandu Valley during the spring and monsoon seasons, respectively.…”

Section: Elemental Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-road sampling of PM<sub>2. 5</sub>, BC, and fine-particle chemical components in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Semicontinuous PM 2.5 and black carbon (BC) concentrations, and 24 h integrated PM 2.5 filter samples were collected near roadways in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Instruments were carried by a group of volunteer traffic police officers in the vicinity of six major roadway intersections in the Kathmandu Valley across two sampling periods in 2014. Daily PM 2.5 filter samples were analyzed for water-soluble inorganic ions, elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC), and 24 elements. Mean PM 2.5 and BC concentrations were 124.76 µg m −3 and 16.74 µgC m −3 during the drier spring sampling period, and 45.92 µg m −3 and 13.46 µgC m −3 during monsoonal sampling. Despite the lower monsoonal PM 2.5 concentrations, BC and several elements were not significantly lower during the monsoon, which indicates an important contribution of vehicle-related emissions throughout both seasons in this region. During the monsoon, there was an enhanced contribution of chemical species (elements and water-soluble inorganic ions), except secondary inorganic ions, and BC to PM 2.5 (crustal elements: 19 %; heavy metals: 5 %; and BC: 39 %) compared to those in spring (crustal elements: 9 %; heavy metals: 1 %; and BC: 18 %). Silica, calcium, aluminum, and iron were the most abundant elements during both spring and the monsoon, with total concentrations of 12.13 and 8.85 µg m −3 , respectively. PM 2.5 and BC showed less spatial variation compared to that for individual chemical species.

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Section: Elemental Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-road sampling of PM<sub>2. 5</sub>, BC, and fine-particle chemical components in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

et al. 2017

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“…9,10,28 The third component explaining 11.15% of the variance was related to Ni and Mo. Wang et al 5 and Sharma et al 29 reported that most of the emissions metals in diesel particulate matter are from metals present in the diesel fuel. They found that Ni was a moderately abundant element in diesel particulate matter.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the vehicle contributions of metals to indoor environments

Wang

Liu

Lin

et al. 2012

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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A large number of diesel vehicles carrying gravel and sand shuttle back and forth every day on the major thoroughfares (Tai-16 and Tai-21) from Shinyi to Jiji in Nantou, Taiwan. A total of 10 stations along the major thoroughfares were selected as the exposure sites, whereas a small village located B9 km from a main traffic route was selected as the control site. Outdoor and indoor aerosol samples were collected using high-volume samplers and Harvard samplers, respectively. The metal concentrations of outdoor and indoor PM 10 at the exposure sites were, respectively, higher than those at the control site. The plots between metal contents in the aerosols and road dust showed that diesel vehicles contributed significant amounts of metals to the outdoor and indoor aerosols at the exposure sites. Household dust samples along the roadside within 30 m of the main road in the small towns were collected using the wipe method. Based on the results of principal component analysis (PCA), three major components for household dust were identified: resuspended from road dust, brake wear and diesel emissions. Enrichment factors were applied to assess the contribution of pollution sources to household dust. These factors were calculated with respect to unpolluted river dust samples (EF river ) and road dust (EF road ). The differences between EF river and EF road could be mainly attributed to the effects of resuspension by passing vehicles. Approximately 72%, 68%, 68%, 73% and 86% of the vehicle-related metals Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni and Mo content, respectively, in household dust were the result of the resuspension of road dust by passing vehicles. The data of daily intakes of five metals (i.e., Fe, Pb, Cu, Ni and Mo) from inhalation and ingestion pathways showed that the doses from the ingestion pathway were much higher than those from the inhalation pathway.

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“…Road dust may explain the origin of iron in the outdoor locations of Apsley House, which were located below the street level in a busy road. Iron has also been found to be the second most abundant metal in Diesel Particulate Matter (DPM) after Ca, followed by Mg, and Cr, Zn [19]. Since this analysis includes all particles without size discrimination the results probably show a combination of both sources of Fe: coarse road dust and fine DPM.…”

Section: Fig 2 Deposition Measurements Accumulation Of Particles Pementioning

confidence: 96%

The effect of particulate matter on paper degradation

Grau-Bové

Budič²,

Cigić

et al. 2016

Herit Sci

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Background: In this work we explore the chemical effects of particulate matter on paper. We exposed paper made of pure cellulose to the environment in different locations in central London, outdoors (in sheltered conditions) and indoors, for a period of up to 6 months. We monitored particulate matter (PM) deposition by counting the particles deposited every month with a scanning electron microscope. We analysed elemental composition of the deposited particles using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. After accelerated degradation of the exposed samples, we determined the degree of polymerisation using viscometry. Results:We observed higher deposition rates and higher metal concentration outdoors than indoors. Elemental analysis of the deposited particles revealed the presence of some transition metals (Fe, Cu, Cr) that can contribute to the degradation of cellulose fibres through the Fenton reaction. By comparing the degree of polymerisation of protected, unprotected and unexposed samples we could determine the relative contribution of PM deposition on the increase of the degradation rate. We found that the surface concentration of iron correlates with the reduction in the degree of polymerisation of the exposed paper. Conclusions:The results suggest that the presence of Fenton metals in PM has a significant effect on the acceleration of the degradation of cellulose. However, we estimate that this will unlikely occur at the levels of area coverage by PM that are typically avoided in indoor heritage through preventive maintenance and cleaning.

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Characterization of exhaust particulates from diesel engine

Cited by 110 publications

References 5 publications

Near-road sampling of PM<sub>2. 5</sub>, BC, and fine-particle chemical components in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Near-road sampling of PM<sub>2. 5</sub>, BC, and fine-particle chemical components in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Evaluation of the vehicle contributions of metals to indoor environments

The effect of particulate matter on paper degradation

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Characterization of exhaust particulates from diesel engine

Cited by 110 publications

References 5 publications

Near-road sampling of PM&lt;sub&gt;2. 5&lt;/sub&gt;, BC, and fine-particle chemical components in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Near-road sampling of PM&lt;sub&gt;2. 5&lt;/sub&gt;, BC, and fine-particle chemical components in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Evaluation of the vehicle contributions of metals to indoor environments

The effect of particulate matter on paper degradation

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Product

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Near-road sampling of PM<sub>2. 5</sub>, BC, and fine-particle chemical components in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Near-road sampling of PM<sub>2. 5</sub>, BC, and fine-particle chemical components in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal