Characterization of Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali) Essential Oils Extracted by Microwave Assisted Extraction

Abstract

The main objective of this research is to extract and characterize the essential oils of Eurycoma longifolia jack (Tongkat Ali) root using microwave assisted extraction (MAE) The effect of various process parameters such as extraction time (5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 30min, and 45 min), microwave power (200W, 225W, 250W, 275W, 300W and 400W) and raw material to solvent ratio (RMTSR) (1:6, 1:8, 1:10 and 1:12) on the yield and its major constituents were investigated in this study to obtain the optimum conditions for the extraction process. The pure essential oil obtained was characterized using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GCMS) techniques. The findings showed that the optimal conditions for the microwave assisted extraction of Eurycoma longifolia are 10 minutes extraction time, 225W microwave power and 1:10 for (RMTSR) with the maximum yield percentage of 1.91% .

Integrated comparative metabolite profiling via NMR and GC–MS analyses for tongkat ali (Eurycoma longifolia) fingerprinting and quality control analysis

“…Methyl octanoate is a major food flavoring agents possessing a winey, fruity, orange odour 30 and is likely to be added in the commercial product of Nu-prep LELAKI ® intensifying the product's odour though not indicated on its label. Other esters, including 2-propyl tetradecyl ester and 1-methylundecyl ester previously reported 26 were found absent These differences pointed out that industrial processing and formulation affected volatile profile, especially fatty acid/ester class in tongkat ali preparation. Furthermore, radar plot (Fig.…”

“…Previous reports showed only 1-propanol and 1-hexadecanol as volatile alcohols in tongkat ali extracted by conventional steam extraction 6 , in addition to 2-hexadecanol and 2-methylhexanol extracted by microwave-assisted extraction 26 . These findings infer that SPME coupled with GC–MS is more efficient for volatiles extraction and providing the true aroma of medicinal herbs.…”

“…Previous aroma analysis revealed a number of VOCs extracted by either water or methanol and detected by electronic nose response and SPME coupled with GC-MS. However, www.nature.com/scientificreports/ non-specific volatiles as 2-hexadecanol, nonanal, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, 2-methylhexanol and 2(5H)-furanone were identified 6,26,27 .…”

Optimization of Extraction Condition and Characterization of Malva Verticillata Root Bark Mucilage

“…This was due to an increase in concentration gradient which enhanced mucilage extraction. High absorption capacity and viscosity of the marc at low ratio tend to trap non polar impurities retarding mucilage solubility and its yield (Najmuldeen, Hariitaraan, Ghasak, & Zulkafli, 2017). The insignificant effect (p=0.284) at high ratio was due to saturation of mucilage cell which hindered mass transfer.…”