Characterization of ESBLs and Associated Quinolone Resistance inEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniaeIsolates from an Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant in Algeria

Abstract

The aim of the study was the characterization of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and quinolone resistance in cefotaxime-resistant coliform isolates from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). ESBLs were detected in 19 out of 24 isolates (79%) from raw water and in 21 out of 24 isolates (87.5%) from treated water, identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Molecular characterization of ESBLs and quinolone resistance showed allele profiles CTX-M-15 (3), CTX-M-3 (5), CTX-M-15+qnrB1 (1), CTX-M-3+qnrB1 (1), CTX-M-15+aac-(6')-Ib-cr (4), and CTX-M-15+qnrB1+aac-(6')-Ib-cr (7). A double mutation S83L and D87N (GyrA) and a single mutation S80I (ParC) were detected in ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates. In K. pneumoniae, mutations S83I (GyrA)+S80I (ParC) or single S80I mutation were detected in ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, and no mutation was observed in ciprofloxacin-susceptible isolates. bla(CTX-M), qnrB1, and aac-(6')-Ib-cr were found, respectively, in these genetic environments: ISEcp1-bla(CTX-M)-orf477, orf1005-orf1-qnrB1, and Tn1721-IS26-aac-(6')-Ib-cr-bla(OXA-1)-catB4. bla(CTX-M-15) was located on IncF plasmid in E. coli and bla(CTX-M-3) on IncL/M plasmid in both species (E. coli and K. pneumoniae). E. coli isolates were affiliated to the phylogroups/MLST: D/ST405 (CC405), A/ST10 (CC10), A/ST617 (CC10), and B1/ST1431. K. pneumoniae isolates belonged to phylogroup KpI and to sequence types ST15, ST17, ST36, ST48, ST54, and ST147. The study showed a multi-drug resistance at the inflow and outflow of the WWTP, with ESBL production, plasmid-mediated quinolones resistance, and mutations in topoisomerases. The findings highlight the similarity of antibiotic resistance mechanisms in the clinical setting and the environment, and the role of the latter as a source of dissemination of resistance genes.

Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia Coli in Wastewaters and Refugee Camp in Lebanon

“…ESBL production rates are specifically high in wastewater due to selective pressure and genetic exchange in sludge [22]. In this study, class 1 integrons were common among ESBL-producing isolates, which was in harmony with the findings from Algeria reported by Alouache et al [73]. CTX-M-15 was found to be the most prevalent ESBL genotype in wastewater and sewage studies in most regions worldwide including the Americas, Europe and the Middle East [74].…”

“…CTX-M-15 was found to be the most prevalent ESBL genotype in wastewater and sewage studies in most regions worldwide including the Americas, Europe and the Middle East [74]. Additionally, the CTX-M-15 was previously detected in Enterobacteriaceae recovered from seawater, rivers and effluents of wastewater treatment plants and hospitals [75], and similar to our findings, was associated with TEM-1 and/or OXA-1 [73]. Additionally, sequencing of gyrA and parC genes in this study revealed a single substitution D87V and S83T in GyrA and a single S80I or double substitutions S80I and E84V in ParC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones [73].…”

Extended spectrum β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli fecal isolates from healthy companion animals in Algeria

“…These findings underscore previous results reported in literature stating that use of one of the two antibiotic classes allows a co-selection process [7,8,21]. In Algeria, PMQR genes were reported from clinical human isolates both in hospital and community and were frequently associated with bla CTX-M genes [30,35].…”

Antibiotic Susceptibilities and Genetic Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolates from Stools of Pediatric Diarrhea Patients in Surabaya, Indonesia

“…The CTX-M-15-type ESBL-producing E. coli ST131 clone has spread across many regions of the world (28)(29)(30)(31). Our data showed that the CTX-M-15-type comprised 84 of the strains, including some strains with a combination CTX-M-15 and TEM-1 or SHV-7.…”