Characterization of Electrical Heating of Graphene/PLA Honeycomb Structure Composite Manufactured by CFDM 3D Printer

Abstract

Conveyor fused deposition modelling (CFDM) 3D printing of graphene (GR)/polylactic acid (PLA) composite filament offers a unique capability to manufacture tailorable honeycomb structures which can be designed and optimized for specific applications. Among the various filaments that can be used for 3D printing, PLA, carbon black (CB)/PLA, and GR/PLA filaments were collected and then examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravity analysis (TGA), and Raman spectra. A stereolithography (STL) file with a 3D honeycomb structure model was prepared and transformed into a G-code file using a G-code generator. The extrusion conditions for CFDM 3D printing were controlled by infill and print speed. PLA, CB/PLA, and GR/PLA composite honeycomb samples were manufactured by 3D printing based on FDM using PLA, CB/PLA, and GR/PLA filaments. CFDM 3D printed honeycomb samples prepared by PLA, CB/PLA and GR/PLA filament were analyzed for morphology, surface resistance, electrical heating properties. For the 3D printed honeycomb structure sample using CB/PLA and GR/PLA, the optimum condition was set up 230 °C and 220 °C respectively of the printer temperature, 50 °C of bed temperature, and 30 mm/s of printer speed. Surface resistivity of honeycomb structure sample using CB/PLA and GR/PLA is about 299.0 Ω/sq and 118.0 Ω/sq. The maximum surface temperature of honeycomb structure sample using CB/PLA and GR/PLA is ca. 78.7 °C and 143.0 °C applied to 25 V.

Characterization of Electrical Heating Performance of CFDM 3D-Printed Graphene/Polylactic Acid (PLA) Horseshoe Pattern with Different 3D Printing Directions

“…As mentioned previously, carbon nanomaterials have different electrical properties depending on their orientation [11]. In addition, the 3D printing directions and raster angles of the samples are determined by the direction in which the nozzle moves in the 3D printing process [5,[13][14][15]20]. In this study, the electrical surface resistivities of the PLA-HP samples made with different 3D printing directions were all indicated to be higher than 10 13 Ω/sq, which is confirmed by the insulating properties of PLA.…”

“…The 3D printing in this study was performed using a conveyor-type FDM (CFDM) 3D printer (Blackbelt 3D B.V., Belfeld, The Netherlands). We controlled the 3D printing conditions such as the temperatures of the nozzle and the bed, the printing speed, and the infill according to filament type, according to our previous study [ 5 ]. The 3D printing conditions of both the PLA and GR/PLA filaments are summarized in Table 1 , and the sample codes of the CFDM 3D-printed horseshoe pattern with various 3D printing conditions are listed in Table 2 .…”

“…The CFDM 3D printing technology can produce long and series printings, so it has the advantage of being suitable for mass production because it can 3D print infinitely on the Z-axis [5].…”

“…Recently, to solve the problem, conveyor-fused deposition modeling (CFDM) 3D printing process method was developed. The CFDM 3D printing technology can produce long and series printings, so it has the advantage of being suitable for mass production because it can 3D print infinitely on the Z-axis [ 5 ].…”

3D-Printing Piezoelectric Composite with Honeycomb Structure for Ultrasonic Devices

“…As a result, the voltage coefficient (g 33 = d 33 /ε) can be augmented by lowering the permittivity, effectively improving the sensitivity of the piezocomposite to sense ultrasound [22]. Kim et al also showed the 3D-printed honeycomb structure could be optimized to achieve better material properties, such as excellent electric properties, mechanical strength, and larger specific surface area [37][38][39]. Inspired by this work, we further exploited the use of 3D-printing techniques to fabricate piezoelectric materials with complex structure design to understand the full potential of 3D-printing for ultrasound applications.…”