Characterization of dissolved and particulate natural organic matter (NOM) in Neversink Reservoir, New York

Wershaw, Robert L.; Leenheer, Jerry A.; Cox, Larry G.

doi:10.3133/sir20055108

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…The samples were packed in zirconia rotors and spun at 5000 Hz. The acquisition parameters were 1 ms contact time, 1 s pulse delay, and 4.5 ms (90 degree) pulse (Wershaw et al, 2005).…”

Section: Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing black carbon from biogenic humic substances in soil clay fractions

Laird¹,

Chappell

Martens³

et al. 2008

Geoderma

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“…The samples were packed in zirconia rotors and spun at 5000 Hz. The acquisition parameters were 1 ms contact time, 1 s pulse delay, and 4.5 ms (90 degree) pulse (Wershaw et al, 2005).…”

Section: Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing black carbon from biogenic humic substances in soil clay fractions

Laird¹,

Chappell

Martens³

et al. 2008

Geoderma

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“…There is little peptidoglycan in the HALM of the Mollisol, but it is clear in the DMSO humin fraction (Figures 4b, 6). Peptidoglycan was reported in the natural organic matter colloidal fractions from river waters (Croue, 2004; Wershaw et al , 2005). Label 2 in Figure 6 may represent components mainly from lipoprotein and signals from fatty acid/cuticule materials.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential exhaustive extraction of a Mollisol soil, and characterizations of humic components, including humin, by solid and solution state NMR

Song¹,

Novotny²,

Simpson³

et al. 2008

European J Soil Science

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A comprehensive sequential extraction procedure was applied to isolate soil organic components using aqueous solvents at different pH values, base plus urea (base-urea), and finally dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) plus concentrated H 2 SO 4 (DMSO-acid) for the humin-enriched clay separates. The extracts from baseurea and DMSO-acid would be regarded as 'humin' in the classical definitions. The fractions isolated from aqueous base, base-urea and DMSO-acid were characterized by solid and solution state NMR spectroscopy. The base-urea solvent system isolated ca. 10% (by mass) additional humic substances. The combined base-urea and DMSO-acid solvents isolated ca. 93% of total organic carbon from the humin-enriched fine clay fraction (<2 mm). Characterization of the humic fractions by solid-state NMR spectroscopy showed that oxidized char materials were concentrated in humic acids isolated at pH 7, and in the base-urea extract. Lignin-derived materials were in considerable abundance in the humic acids isolated at pH 12.6. Only very small amounts of char-derived structures were contained in the fulvic acids and fulvic acids-like material isolated from the base-urea solvent. After extraction with baseurea, the 0.5 M NaOH extract from the humin-enriched clay was predominantly composed of aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, and with lesser amounts of aromatic carbon (probably including some char material), and carbohydrates and peptides. From the combination of solid and solution-state NMR spectroscopy, it is clear that the major components of humin materials, from the DMSO-acid solvent, after the exhaustive extraction sequence, were composed of microbial and plant derived components, mainly long-chain aliphatic species (including fatty acids/ester, waxes, lipids and cuticular material), carbohydrate, peptides/proteins, lignin derivatives, lipoprotein and peptidoglycan (major structural components in bacteria cell walls). Black carbon or char materials were enriched in humic acids isolated at pH 7 and humic acids-like material isolated in the base-urea medium, indicating that urea can liberate charderived material hydrogen bonded or trapped within the humin matrix.

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“…The amino acids, carbohydrates, proteins and carboxylic acids found in source water vary in their susceptibility to microbial biodegradability (Solarska et al, 2009). The use of enzymes and bacteria to degrade NOM results in the formation of NOM fractions with lower molecular weight (Wershaw et al, 2005). Examples of fungi used to degrade humic substances include saprotrophic fungi and white rot fungi (WRF) (Gramss et al, 1999;Grinhut et al, 2007).…”

Section: Bioremediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pedogenic refractory organic matter refers to fulvic acid components found in soil. NOM can be derived from both the sources within the aquatic environment (autochtonous) and from external sources (allochthonous) (Wershaw et al, 2005;. Basically, the allochtonous NOM is dependent on the type of plant and animal remains that finds its way to the water sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Basically, the allochtonous NOM is dependent on the type of plant and animal remains that finds its way to the water sources. In plants, for instance, the soluble compounds that can easily leach from the plant tissue are the main components of NOM (Wershaw et al 2005). Previous studies have shown that allochthonous NOM is typically enriched in fulvic acids and is highly aromatic and coloured, while autochthonous NOM is characterised by a lower fulvic acid content and C:N ratio (Lee, 2005;Rostad et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review: Natural organic matter in aquatic systems – a South African perspective

Chaukura

Ndlangamandla

Moyo

et al. 2018

WSA

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Natural organic matter (NOM) is a complex heterogeneous mixture of humic (HS) and non-humic substances which are widespread in the aquatic environment. Other constituents are amino acids, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons containing oxygen, nitrogen and hydroxyl groups. It is the combination and proportions of these motifs which give NOM its overall polarity and reactivity. Its main origins include soils, residues of fauna and flora, microbial excrements and anthropogenic faecal loads, agriculture activities and urban landscapes. Due to the different origins of the precursor material and the extent of transformation it undergoes, the composition of NOM in different water bodies varies. Characterization methods for NOM can be divided into three broad categories namely: (i) direct measuring methods, which measure the amount of organic matter in the sample; (ii) spectrometric methods, which measure the amount of radiation absorbed and or released by chromophores; and (iii) fractionation methods, which separate NOM according to size and polarity. South Africa has 6 distinct water quality regions, and each region has a unique NOM character and quantity. Existing water treatment plants do not remove NOM to levels low enough to inhibit the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). Currently, research is focusing more on the use of alternative techniques for NOM removal; these include advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), nanomaterials, and ceramic membranes. While NOM is well studied in other parts of the world, to the best of our knowledge, there is no state-of-the-art investigation of the occurrence and removal of NOM in South African source waters. This review aims at (i) synthesizing literature on the nature, occurrence and ecological impact of NOM, (ii) evaluating the removal of NOM in the six different water quality regions of South Africa, and (iii) suggesting novel approaches that can be used to remove NOM in South Africa.

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Characterization of dissolved and particulate natural organic matter (NOM) in Neversink Reservoir, New York

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Distinguishing black carbon from biogenic humic substances in soil clay fractions

Distinguishing black carbon from biogenic humic substances in soil clay fractions

Sequential exhaustive extraction of a Mollisol soil, and characterizations of humic components, including humin, by solid and solution state NMR

Review: Natural organic matter in aquatic systems – a South African perspective

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