Characterization of deposits on inside surfaces of lwr cladding

Thermodynamic properties of Cs5Te3

“…The results of the enthalpy of solution measurements of Cs 5 A re-evaluation of the earlier measurements of the enthalpy of solution of tellurium in the solvent, (10) led to the rejection of one measurement which is outside the 95 per cent confidence range of acceptable values. This resulted in a small correction for the value of the enthalpy of solution of the second step in the cycle, given in table 3 of Cordfunke and Ouweltjes.…”

“…The existence of the compound Cs 5 Te 3 was first mentioned in a study of Schewe-Miller and Bo¨ttcher. (6) In a recent study of the Cs-Te phase diagram, the existence of Cs 5 Te 3 was confirmed by De Boer and Cordfunke.…”

“…The most caesium-rich compound in the Cs-Te system, Cs 2 Te, is believed to be present in the fuel. (5) However, preferential vaporization of caesium, or local fluctuations in concentration, can easily lead to formation of more tellurium-rich compounds, such as Cs 5 Te 3 .…”

Spent fuel radionuclide source-term model for assessing spent fuel performance in geological disposal. Part I: Assessment of the instant release fraction

“…An indication that using Cs or I to bound the release of other fission products is a conservative approach can be obtained by considering the case of Cd, one the most volatile of the fission products (after FG, Cs and I) [22]. Quantitative X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of grain boundaries in CANDU fuel has been reported in [23], in which it is noted that Cd was only occasionally detected and would have been routinely seen if it had experienced the same fractional release as Cs.…”

Thermochemical Prediction of Chemical Form Distributions of Fission Products in LWR Oxide Fuels Irradiated to High Burnup.

“…There is no study on the chcmical forms in the interior of LWR fuel pellet, but some papers have been published on the chemical forms of reaction products within the pellet-cladding gap. Cubicciotti and Sanecki (20) investigated the chemical forms of the deposits on cladding surface of practical LWR fuel pin which exhibited PCI failure after being irradiated to about 13 GWd/Mg(U) at LHR less than 300 W/cm. This irradiation condition is below thc threshold condition for the appearance of reaction products proposed by Brazin(2'), but CszTe, Cs-U-0 and CsI phase were observed.…”