Characterization of Cu/Ag/Eu/Hydroxyapatite Composites Produced by Wet Chemical Precipitation

Abstract

In the first part of this study hydroxyapatite was prepared synthetically through classical wet precipitation, using Ca(NO3)2·4H2O (calcium nitrate tetrahydrate) as calcium source and HgN2O4P as phosphate source. In the second part of the study HA compounds were prepared with different ratios (0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 25 wt.%) of antibacterial materials like copper (Cu), silver (Ag) and europium (Eu), using the same wet precipitation method. The prepared pure HA material was utilized as the control group for comparison with Cu/Ag/Eu/HA composites. Studies of X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis were performed. The aim of this study was to investigate Cu/Ag/Eu/HA composites and the effect of metals on HA biomaterials, used as scaffold materials in bone disease treatment.

Recent Trends in Hydroxyapatite Supplementation for Osteoregenerative Purposes

“…The concentration of copper ions above the ideal limit results in important toxic consequences on cell activity and the appearance of free radical species that, in turn, lead to neurodegenerative diseases [ 169 , 170 ]. Therefore, the substitution of ions in the scaffold structure of nano-hydroxyapatite is advantageous due to its application as a bone tissue engineering nanomaterial, provided it preserves an optimal, controlled ratio of copper content [ 83 , 171 ].…”

“…Extensive bone growth and development, as well as a higher degree of implant coverage by the bone tissue, have also been reported for HAP combined with Silicon [ 184 ]. HAP imbued with small amounts of Silver (Ag) ions was deemed to be an advantageous antibacterial nanomaterial for use in dental and orthopedic implants [ 171 , 185 ]. Comparable antibacterial properties have been reported for HAP structures doped with Caesium (Ce) or Europium (Eu) ions [ 171 , 186 , 187 ].…”

“…HAP imbued with small amounts of Silver (Ag) ions was deemed to be an advantageous antibacterial nanomaterial for use in dental and orthopedic implants [ 171 , 185 ]. Comparable antibacterial properties have been reported for HAP structures doped with Caesium (Ce) or Europium (Eu) ions [ 171 , 186 , 187 ]. A study reported that, in white rabbits, the phosphate ( ) group, substituted with the carbonate ( ) group, displayed superior biological integration of HAP implants [ 188 ].…”

Decorated Apatitic Materials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Application

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The literature provides us several examples of apatitic materials in whose structure the calcium ions are substituted by different metals, which are remarkable for their applicability in heritage conservation, bioremediation, and biomedicine [1][2][3][4]. According to the desired properties, several methods were developed to obtain these apatitic materials.

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Adsorption of Dyes from Aqueous Solutions Using Apatitic Materials

“…Bromothymol blue (BTB) ( Figure 1c) is a sulfonphthalein dye, being one of the most widely used indicators to distinguish the acidity, alkalinity, or neutralization of an aqueous solution. Its removal from the environment is important due to the presence of azo groups from the dye component [3]. Congo red (Figure 1b) comes from the textile, printing, dying, paper, and plastic industries.…”