Characterization of courtship sounds of species of the subgroup fasciola (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Drosophila repleta group): interspecific and interpopulational analyses

Abstract

The aim of this work was to characterize the male courtship song pattern of various species of the fasciola subgroup and to determine the level of variation both within and among species. The parameters analyzed were intrapulse interval (PI), interpulse interval (IPI), and intrapulse frequency (IF). Six different species were analyzed: D. coroica (three populations), D. ellisoni, D. fascioloides, D. moju, D. onca, and D. rosinae (one population each). There were significant differences among the six species for these three courtship song parameters. The IPI was the most variable parameter among these species, suggesting that this parameter is important for female discrimination. Four different hypotheses could explain this variation: 1. different selection pressures with absence of flow gene; 2. intraspecific sexual selection; 3. sympatric effects on song evolution; and 4. genetic drift. The PI was the only parameter that was significantly different among the three population of D. coroica. Low variability among populations within the same species was already observed for other subgroups and could be explained by the following hypotheses: strong selection acting on the song parameters, gene flow, or recent colonization from a common source. Additional studies of the courtship song of other species of the fasciola subgroup, as well as for other subgroups of the repleta group, and studies, using molecular makers, that focus on the genetic basis of the differences among these species in courtship song would allow us to evaluate the association of courtship song and sexual isolation in these species, and would also help us to understand the evolution of these behavioural differences.Key words: drosophila, fasciola subgroup, courtship song, evolution, behavior. 3. efeito de simpatria; e 4. deriva genética. As análises realizadas entre as 3 populações da espécie D. coroica mostraram diferenças estatísticas somente em relação ao PI. Essa baixa variabilidade entre populações de uma mesma espécie também já foi encontrada em outros subgrupos e pode ser explicada pelas seguintes hipóteses: forte seleção sobre os parâmetros sonoros, ocorrência de fluxo gênico entre as populações ou colonizações recentes a partir de um ancestral comum. Estudos da corte sonora de outras espécies do subgrupo fasciola e mesmo de espécies de outros subgrupos do grupo repleta, e também estudos relacionados à base genética das diferenças sonoras entre as espécies, utilizando marcadores moleculares, ajudariam a avaliar a relação dos parâmetros sonoros com o processo de isolamento sexual e também a entender a evolução dessas diferenças comportamentais. RESUMOPalavras-chave: drosophila, subgrupo fasciola, corte sonora, evolução, comportamento.

Phenotypic differentiation in love song traits among sibling species of the Lutzomyia longipalpis complex in Brazil

“…Further investigation is necessary to confirm that all five different pulse-type patterns represent distinct species and if the songs are associated with reproductive isolation among them, especially as they are allopatric in nature. The divergence in song patterns observed among the different pulse-type L. longipalpis populations is similar to the variation seen among some closely related Drosophila species [ 37 , 38 ], so it is quite possible that they represent distinct species. In addition, populations with different song types also produce different pheromones [ 11 , 23 ] and crossing experiments have found reproductive isolation between at least two of these populations: Jacobina (P1) and Lapinha (P2) [ 18 ].…”

Chromosomal phylogeny of the Drosophila fasciola species subgroup revisited (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

“…This new phylogenetic hypothesis, based on chromosomal inversions, offers a better perspective to understanding the relationships within the subgroup to be inferred from other markers as in Costa and Sene (2002).…”

Descripción de cuatro especies nuevas del subgrupo Drosophila fasciola, gruporepleta (Diptera, Drosophilidae) en dos bosques nublados del Ecuador

“…Los cuatro nuevos miembros fueron capturados en bosques nublados como la mayoría de las especies del subgrupo D. fasciola (Tosi et al, 1990;Costa & Sene, 2002;Silva-Bernardi et al, 2006). La identificación de estas especies se basó en el patrón de pigmentación del tórax y la morfología de la genitalia del macho.…”

“…D. nigua sp. nov. ha sido agrupada en el subgrupo D. fasciola, debido a las características que comparte con las especies del subgrupo, especialmente la presencia de un par de espuelas subapicales en la región ventral del edeago, además ha sido capturada en bosques nublados como las especies de este subgrupo (Tosi et al, 1990;Costa & Sene, 2002;Silva-Bernardi et al, 2006). Drosophila yambe sp.…”

“…nov. ha sido agrupada en el subgrupo D. fasciola, debido a la presencia de un par de espuelas en la región ventral del edeago, característica propia del subgrupo D. fasciola. Esta especie también ha sido capturada en bosques nublados como las especies del subgrupo D. fasciola (Tosi et al, 1990;Costa & Sene, 2002;Silva-Bernardi et al, 2006). Drosophila carvalhoi sp.…”