Characterization of Corrosion Products on Carbon Steel Exposed to Natural Weathering and to Accelerated Corrosion Tests

Antunes, Renato Altobelli; Ichikawa, Rodrigo Uchida; Martinez, L.G.; Costa, Isolda

doi:10.1155/2014/419570

Cited by 66 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Further EDS analysis of these crystals revealed that they were 44% oxygen, 24% sulfur, and 31% calcium by weight. These mass ratios correlate stoichiometrically to the mass ratios of calcium sulfate, which has been described in the literature with similar crystal dimensions [22]. The presence of sulfates in these specimens was not surprising in light of the presence of sulfates in the seawater [11].…”

Section: Corrosion Product Observationssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…In the literature, these small crystal nodules viewed in the SEM image of Figure 3 are commonly associated with the presence of lepidocrocite, while the flattened background region appeared to be characteristic of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) [22]. The prismatic crystals viewed in two of the locations sampled were approximately 5 μm (2 mil) in width.…”

Section: Corrosion Product Observationsmentioning

confidence: 75%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Crack Prediction Model for Concrete Affected by Reinforcement Corrosion

Stefan¹,

Calle²,

Eklund³

et al. 2019

MSA

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The purpose of this study was to develop an analytical model to predict the time required for cracking of concrete due to corrosion of the iron reinforcement. The concrete and cement specimens used for this study were batched with cover material ranging from 0.75 to 1.3 in (1.91 to 3.30 cm). The extent of cover material was not formulated into the model under the assumption that crack initiation would tend to produce visible cracking within a relatively short time period. The model was derived using both Hooke's Law and the volume expansion induced by the corrosion oxides. Correlation achieved with specimen cracking data from the literature was relatively good with a 95% level of confidence. This model presents a key benefit to facility and infrastructure managers by enabling them to plan the time when corrosion mitigating actions are required. It also provides a significant convenience as the condition of the concrete structure or its environment changes over time. The only parameter that needs to be updated over time is the corrosion rate measurement. This single parameter captures the most influential impact that stems from several other parameters which tend to be required in models that are more mechanistically definitive.

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Section: Corrosion Product Observationssupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Corrosion Product Observationsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Crack Prediction Model for Concrete Affected by Reinforcement Corrosion

Stefan¹,

Calle²,

Eklund³

et al. 2019

MSA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…SEM micrographs of the surface confirm the results of the Raman tests. As observed in Figure 3, sandy crystals of lepidocrocite [27,28] and cigar-like crystals of akaganeite can be observed on the surface.…”

Section: Belle Marementioning

confidence: 74%

“…This can be confirmed from the SEM micrographs in Figure 9. Fine whiskers of lepidocrocite [26,28] were observed on the surface which consisted of a loose structure that led to a high initial corrosion rate [29]. Figure 10.…”

Section: Port Louismentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating atmospheric corrosion behavior of carbon steel in coastal regions of Mauritius using Raman Spectroscopy

et al. 2016

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Low carbon steel was exposed at two sites in Mauritius, namely Port Louis and Belle Mare. The site at Port Louis is basically an industrial marine one whereas the one at Belle Mare is a purely marine site. Though the corrosion loss trend at both sites follow the power law, the corrosion loss at Port Louis was found to be higher than that at Belle Mare. This study has been performed to investigate the surface characteristics of the rust layers of the samples exposed at the two sites, through Raman spectroscopy and SEM, so as to get a better insight into the mechanism of the atmospheric corrosion process. For Port Louis, it was observed that there was not much change in the corrosion products in the rust layer over the 3 years period. The structure was less compact than that at Belle Mare with the presence of lepidocrocite and akaganeite as commonly observed corrosion products. The corrosion rate at Port Louis is, therefore, expected to follow the same trend over the long term. For Belle Mare, the corrosion products changed significantly after 3 years of exposure. Though lepidocrocite and akaganeite were observed on the surface after 0.2 years of exposure, magnetite was the most probable corrosion product in the more compact rust layer after 3 years of exposure. This compactness of the rust layer is expected to have reduced the corrosion rate as compared to that of Port Louis. Significant changes in the corrosion rate at Belle Mare are, therefore, expected over the medium and the long term.

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“…However, in studies characterizing the composition of carbonation induced corrosion products formed in concrete, or in other situations such as atmospheric corrosion of steel, the corrosion products have always been found to be composed of compounds with iron in the oxidation state +3 [23][24][25][26]. This is because there is an intermediate transformation, that is the spontaneous and fast oxidation reaction of Fe 2+ ions , which involves oxygen and hydroxyl ions and leads to the final formation of Fe 3+ (eq.…”

Section: Formation Of Corrosion Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The kinetic competition between transport and oxidation of ferrous ions governs precipitation of corrosion products in carbonated concrete

et al. 2018

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Corrosion products, originating from steel corrosion and precipitating in the concrete pore system, can lead to concrete cracking and to spalling of the concrete cover. Related premature structural repair causes high costs. Thus, reliable quantitative models are needed, which currently do not exist. Here, we present a new conceptual model to describe the fate of ferrous ions that are released at the steel surface during the corrosion process. The key novelty of our approach can be found in explicitly considering the kinetics of oxidation and transport of Fe2+ in the pore solution. These two processes constantly dilute the Fe2+ concentration and are in competition with the supply of Fe2+ from the anodic iron dissolution reaction. We use a numerical model to elucidate which of the described processes is the fastest. The results find good agreement with experimental data and reveal that under natural corrosion conditions, Fe2+ hardly reach the saturation level, which permits the diffusion of corrosion products up to millimeters away from the steel without necessarily leading to expansive stresses. Under accelerated corrosion conditions, however, precipitation is forced immediately at the steel surface. This fundamentally changes the cracking mechanism and questions the relevance of such tests and related models.

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Characterization of Corrosion Products on Carbon Steel Exposed to Natural Weathering and to Accelerated Corrosion Tests

Cited by 66 publications

References 24 publications

Crack Prediction Model for Concrete Affected by Reinforcement Corrosion

Crack Prediction Model for Concrete Affected by Reinforcement Corrosion

Investigating atmospheric corrosion behavior of carbon steel in coastal regions of Mauritius using Raman Spectroscopy

The kinetic competition between transport and oxidation of ferrous ions governs precipitation of corrosion products in carbonated concrete

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