Characterization of Chromosomally Assigned Replication-Competent Gamma Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses Derived from a Large White Pig and Expression in Human Cells

Niebert, Marcus; Rogel–Gaillard, Claire; Chardon, Patrick; Tönjes, Ralf R.

doi:10.1128/jvi.76.6.2714-2720.2002

Cited by 55 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…Endogenous retroviruses have been detected in the genomes of all vertebrate species (4,14), and their general organization corresponds to that of exogenous retroviruses (4,40,46); however, most are replication-incompetent, while only a minority are functional, as reported, e.g., for mice (5,10,41) and pigs (1,2,21,26,28,29).…”

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confidence: 88%

Evolutionary Spread and Recombination of Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses in the Suiformes

Niebert

Tönjes

2005

J Virol

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Different Suiformes with increasing phylogenetic distance to the common pig (Sus scrofa) were assayed for the presence of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) in general (pol gene), while the distribution of long terminal repeat (LTR) types (with or without repeats in U3) and env genes (classes A, B, and C) were determined in detail. PERV was not detectable in the most distantly related species, while classes PERV-A and PERV-B are present in Suiformes originating in the Pliocene epoch, and class PERV-C was detectable only in S. scrofa and in closely related species originating in the Holocene epoch. This distribution pattern of PERV classes is in line with our previous study on the age of PERV (45) and suggests an African origin of about 7.5 million years ago (MYA) and a gradual spread of PERV through the Suiformes. It seems likely that PERV-C originated more recently (1.5 to 3.5 MYA) by recombination with a homologue of unknown descent, while the origin of the repeatless LTR was a separate event approximately 3.5 MYA.

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confidence: 88%

Evolutionary Spread and Recombination of Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses in the Suiformes

Niebert

Tönjes

2005

J Virol

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“…However, without knowing the physiological role of the PERV-A receptors, it is impossible to predict the pathogenic consequences of PERV infection. In this regard, it is noteworthy that pigs express a functional PERV-A receptor and have carried endogenous PERV-A genomes for many millions of years (26), and PERV-A loci capable of infecting pig cells have been identified in some pig genomes (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of receptors for pig endogenous retrovirus

Ericsson¹,

Takeuchi

Templin³

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Although it is not known exactly how many of these loci are capable of encoding infectious PERVs, recent data suggest that this number is small, at least in Large White pigs (5,19,32). Of even greater relevance to pig-to-human xenografts is whether the integrated PERVs are transcriptionally expressed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sequence Analysis of Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus Long Terminal Repeats and Identification of Transcriptional Regulatory Regions

Wilson

Laeeq

Ritzhaupt³

et al. 2003

J Virol

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Characterization of Chromosomally Assigned Replication-Competent Gamma Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses Derived from a Large White Pig and Expression in Human Cells

Cited by 55 publications

References 35 publications

Evolutionary Spread and Recombination of Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses in the Suiformes

Evolutionary Spread and Recombination of Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses in the Suiformes

Identification of receptors for pig endogenous retrovirus

Sequence Analysis of Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus Long Terminal Repeats and Identification of Transcriptional Regulatory Regions

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