Identification of receptors for pig endogenous retrovirus

Ericsson, Thomas; Takeuchi, Yasuhiro; Templin, Christian; Quinn, Gary; Farhadian, Shelli; Wood, James C. S.; Oldmixon, Beth A.; Suling, Kristen M.; Ishii, Jennifer; Kitagawa, Yuichi; Miyazawa, Takayuki; Salomon, Daniel R.; Weiss, Robin A.; Patience, Clive

doi:10.1073/pnas.1138025100

Cited by 134 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…NP_001098047) in the GenBank database, although its substrates and physiological function have yet to be determined. In addition, this gene was previously reported to be the human ortholog of the porcine receptor for endogenous retrovirus A, which mediates the infection of the cells with porcine endogenous retrovirus (6). Because its amino acid sequence is similar to that of a G protein-coupled receptor family member and a multimembrane spanning protein, it is anticipated that it will be difficult to produce a functional antibody against hRFT1, as previously reported (9,22,39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Identification and functional characterization of a novel human and rat riboflavin transporter, RFT1

Yonezawa¹,

Masuda²,

Katsura³

et al. 2008

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

125

101

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Identification and functional characterization of a novel human and rat riboflavin transporter, RFT1

Yonezawa¹,

Masuda²,

Katsura³

et al. 2008

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

125

101

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“…MLV, gibbon ape leukemia virus, feline leukemia virus (FeLV), porcine endogenous retrovirus, and the baboon endogenous retrovirus/RD114 feline endogenous retrovirus/simian type D retrovirus interference group all use transporters as receptors (15)(16)(17)(18)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41). Interestingly, FeLV-A recurrently evolves into FeLV-B or -C, which display shifted tropisms because of their use of different transport proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a receptor for an extinct virus

Soll

Neil

Bieniasz

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The resurrection of endogenous retroviruses from inactive molecular fossils has allowed the investigation of interactions between extinct pathogens and their hosts that occurred millions of years ago. Two such paleoviruses, chimpanzee endogenous retrovirus-1 and -2 (CERV1 and CERV2), are relatives of modern MLVs and are found in the genomes of a variety of Old World primates, but are absent from the human genome. No extant CERV1 and -2 proviruses are known to encode functional proteins. To investigate the host range restriction of these viruses, we attempted to reconstruct functional envelopes by generating consensus genes and proteins. CERV1 and -2 enveloped MLV particles infected cell lines from a range of mammalian species. Using CERV2 Env-pseudotyped MLV reporters, we identified copper transport protein 1 (CTR1) as a receptor that was presumably used by CERV2 during its ancient exogenous replication in primates. Expression of human CTR1 was sufficient to confer CERV2 permissiveness on otherwise resistant hamster cells, and CTR1 knockdown or CuCl 2 treatment specifically inhibited CERV2 infection of human cells. Mutations in highly conserved CTR1 residues that have rendered hamster cells resistant to CERV2 include a unique deletion in a copper-binding motif. These CERV2 receptor-inactivating mutations in hamster CTR1 are accompanied by apparently compensating changes, including an increased number of extracellular coppercoordinating residues, and this may represent an evolutionary barrier to the acquisition of CERV2 resistance in primates.endogenous retrovirus | copper transport T he ability of retroviruses to integrate into the genomes of target cells allows for the possibility of Mendelian inheritance of proviruses if integration into the host germ line occurs (1). This route of transmission results in an organism-wide presence of provirus in the genomes of progeny. Such endogenization events have occurred numerous times during primate evolution and many proviruses have become fixed in host populations (2-5). Endogenous retroviruses thus represent a record of ancient infections and these "paleoviruses" can provide information about the evolution of host-virus interactions (6, 7).Endogenous γ-retroviruses are abundant in primate genomes and among them, chimpanzee endogenous retroviruses-1 and -2 (CERV1 and CERV2) and their relatives are the groups most closely related to the modern prototype γ-retrovirus, MLV (3, 4). CERV1 and -2 are assumed to be extinct, although without exhaustive sampling, it is nearly impossible to definitively demonstrate that intact exogenous relatives are not currently replicating in some modern primate species. They are of particular interest because of their peculiar absence from the human genome, although homologs exist in the genomes of chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, and Old World monkeys. Thus, both viruses apparently replicated after the divergence of the human and chimpanzee lineages approximately 6 million years ago, with zoonoses ultimately resulting in endogenization in diver...

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“…An additional effort to create a permissive small animal model was to introduce the human cDNA expressing the PERV-A receptor, since it was known that the murine ortholog of the PERV-A receptor is reported to be non-functional (Ericsson, Takeuchi et al 2003) . Exploiting this information, Martina and coworkers, in collaboration with our laboratory, introduced the HuPAR2 cDNA into the germline of mice and generated Hu-PAR2 transgenic mice (Martina, Marcucci et al 2006).…”

Section: Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Table 1, both PERV-A and PERV-B are able to infect human cells, but use distinct receptors. Two homologous human cDNAs have been identified and shown to function as the receptor for PERV-A, human PERV-A receptors 1 and 2 (HuPAR-1 and -2) (Ericsson, Takeuchi et al 2003), but neither of these receptors function as a receptor for PERV-B. The PERV-B receptor remains unknown.…”

Section: Factors Impacting Human Cell Tropism Of Pervmentioning

confidence: 99%