Characterization of Chinese hamsters by metabolic balance, glucose tolerance and insulin secretion

Gerritsen, G. C.; Blanks, M. C.

doi:10.1007/bf01221979

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…HoweiTer, in another experiment, the same low-fat diet was fed ad lib. to similar ketonuric hamsters for 17 d. It was observed that P-cell granulation improved (Gerritsen & Blanks, 1975). The possibility existed that feeding the low-fat diet with lower energy density resulted in less demand for insulin and less ketogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Effect of environmental Factors including nutrition on genetically determined diabetes of Chinese hamsters

Gerritsen¹,

Connell²,

Blanks³

1981

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…There is little doubt that diabetes mellitus is influenced by factors such as life style (Medalie et al 1978;West, 1978), uterine environment (Gerritsen, 1975 West, 1978). However, there is little agreement about the importance of specific dietary components.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of environmental Factors including nutrition on genetically determined diabetes of Chinese hamsters

Gerritsen¹,

Connell²,

Blanks³

1981

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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“…25 The genetically diabetic Chinese hamster is glucose-intolerant and the degree of intolerance is related to severity of the disease. 29 Onset of glycosuria varies from 2 wk to 4 mo of age (Table 1).…”

Section: Physiological Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33 It is of some interest that ad libitum food consumption varies with the severity of the disease but metabolic balance studies show that calories retained are similar (15 K cal/day) regardless of caloric intake. 29 The more severe the diabetes, the more animals eat but, conversely, the more calories lost via urine and feces.…”

Section: Nutrition and Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chinese Hamster as a Model for the Study of Diabetes Mellitus

Gerritsen¹

1982

Diabetes

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Selection for and against diabetes and subsequent inbreeding of Chinese hamsters started in 1963. Currently there are six inbred sublines that have greater than 85% incidence of glycosuria and two control inbred nondiabetic sublines that are essentially free of glycosuria. At birth, hamsters from inbred sublines are considered prediabetic. There is phenotypic variation between diabetic sublines. Onset time, incidence of ketonuria, blood glucose, plasma insulin, glucagon and glycohydrolase levels vary from subline to subline, but pancreatic insulin and glucagon levels are consistently low and high, respectively, in all diabetic sublines compared with nondiabetics. Experimental breeding data suggest a minimum of two homozygous recessive genes for diabetes. It is not known if the inbred lines are similar diabetic genotypes, but the probability is high that modifier background genes vary from subline to subline.Chinese hamsters have diabetes ranging from mild to severe. Animals weighing 25 g can excrete up to 75 ml of urine containing 3 g of glucose per day. Fasting blood glucose as high as 500 mg/dl and 10 /nmol/ml of beta-hydroxybutyrate have been reported. Gluconeogenesis is elevated, and some glycolytic enzymes are decreased in severe diabetes. Low levels of renal acid glycohydrolase enzymes may contribute to glomerular capillary loop basement membrane thickening in diabetic hamsters. Caloric restriction per se or reduction of dietary fat prevented onset of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in prediabetics. Morphologic changes have been observed in pancreatic islets, kidney, nerve, blood vessels, eyes, brain, and genitourinary systems of diabetic Chinese hamsters. Pathogenesis of diabetes in this animal appears to be related to an increased demand for insulin. Initially there is a positive response to this demand by beta cells, but exhaustion occurs. This is followed by a decrease in beta-cell mass and relative or absolute insulin deficiency. DIABETES 37 (Suppl.

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“…Diabetes in this model is hereditary and characterized by hyperphagia, polydispsia, glycosuria, hyperglycemia and decreased longevity (Sims & Landau, 1967;Gerritsen & Dulin, 1967;Gerritsen & Blanks, 1974). The hamsters are not obese.…”

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confidence: 99%

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathies: A Morphometric Overview

et al. 2010

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FAZAN, S. V. P.; DE VASCONCELOS, C. C. A.; VALENÇA, M. M.; NESSLER, R. & MOORE, K. C. Diabetic peripheral neuropathies: a morphometric overview. Int. J. Morphol., 28(1):51-64, 2010. SUMMARY: Diabetes is now considered one of the main threats to human health in the 21st century and many researchers are dedicated to investigate the physiopathology of the disease, with further insights on the managements of its major complications. Since understanding the pathophysiology of the major complications of diabetes and their underlying processes is mandatory, experimental models of the disease may be useful as they allow the recognition of the early mechanisms involved in the long-term complications of diabetes. Peripheral nerve involvement is highly frequent in diabetes mellitus and it has been documented that one third of diabetic patients have peripheral neuropathy. The true prevalence is not known and reports vary from 10% to 90% in diabetic patients, depending on the criteria and methods used to define neuropathy. In this review, the most common experimental models of diabetes are presented and the pathological findings on major peripheral nerves are discussed. Also, the insights brought by morphometry to the diabetic neuropathy research are highlighted.

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Characterization of Chinese hamsters by metabolic balance, glucose tolerance and insulin secretion

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Effect of environmental Factors including nutrition on genetically determined diabetes of Chinese hamsters

Effect of environmental Factors including nutrition on genetically determined diabetes of Chinese hamsters

The Chinese Hamster as a Model for the Study of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathies: A Morphometric Overview

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