Characterization of chars from biomass-derived materials: pectin chars

Sharma, Ramesh K.; Wooten, Jan B.; Baliga, Vicki L; Hajaligol, Mohammad R.

doi:10.1016/s0016-2361(01)00066-7

Cited by 147 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The composite material formed after pyrolysis but before sulfonation, P-C, showed a similar FT-IR spectrum with an additional peak centered around 1,700 cm -1 due to C=O stretching. Similar FTIR assignments have been made by other researchers for the analysis of chars of cellulose pyrolyzed at 450°C [36], chlorogenic acid pyrolyzed at 250-750°C [37], and pectin pyrolyzed at 250-550°C [38]. From adsorption isotherms at -196°C and BET calculations, it was estimated that dry (i.e., not swelled) P-C had a porous structure with about 70% of the surface area of the original resin matrix.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

A Novel Sulfonated Carbon Composite Solid Acid Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis

Lotero

et al. 2008

Catal Lett

186

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A novel sulfonated carbon composite solid acid was successfully prepared by the pyrolysis of a polymer matrix impregnated with glucose followed by sulfonation. The title catalyst has higher acid site density, better esterification activity of both small and large free fatty acids (acetic acid and palmitic acid), and better reusability than the previously reported carbon-based catalyst prepared by sulfonating pyrolyzed sugar. This catalyst also exhibited higher esterification activity than tungstated zirconia (WZ) and Silica-Supported Nafion (Nafion Ò SAC-13). The higher activity of the sulfonated carbon composite solid acid catalyst was clearly due to the presence of a much higher acid site density than any of the other catalysts.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

A Novel Sulfonated Carbon Composite Solid Acid Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis

Lotero

et al. 2008

Catal Lett

186

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“…As pointed out by Mohan et al [22], it is well known that under a slow heating regime, the decomposition of cellulose is complete at around 360 o C: hemicellulose decomposes between 200 and 260 o C, with most of the decomposition happening under 180 o C, and lignin decomposes between 280 and 500 o C, which is the compound that produces the highest amounts of char and tar. Less information is available on the pyrolytic behavior of other compounds, but in the work of Sharma et al [23], the decomposition of citrus pectin is also observed to be complete below 400 o C. Fig. 3 shows the plots of ln(dX/dt) versus 1/T for each conversion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pyrolysis properties and kinetics of mandarin peel

Kim

Lee

et al. 2011

Korean J. Chem. Eng.

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The thermal property of the pyrolysis reaction of mandarin peel was studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Thermogravimetric analyses with temperature increases of 10, 20 and 40 o C/min showed large weight losses within the temperature range 150-590 o C. Differential thermogravimetric (DTG) analysis curves illustrated that the pyrolysis of mandarin peel was a multi-step process, consisting of water desorption, the decomposition of pectin, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, and devolatilization of the residual char. The apparent activation energies ranged between 119 and 406 kJ/mol, depending on the pyrolytic conversion. The pyrolysis products were analyzed, using pyrolyzergas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), to evaluate mandarin peel as a renewable source of valuable industrial chemicals. The pyrolysis products of mandarin peel contained high portions of methanol and acetic acid, as well as valuable compounds, such as limonene and vitamin E.

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“…The sharper change above 600 8C in the H/C ratio is often attributed to dehydrogenation. [24] Thus, owing to deoxygenation, the humin sample becomes increasingly aromatized before reforming occurs. The solid-state 13 C magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectrum, shown as inset in Figure 3, confirms that only aromatic C is present in the sample heated to 700 8C (the peak at 125 ppm indicates C atoms in an aromatic ring).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of Humin‐Based Byproducts from Biomass Processing—A Route to Sustainable Hydrogen

2013

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The synthesis of biomass-based top value-added chemical platforms, for example, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, furfural, or levulinic acid from the acid-catalyzed dehydration of sugars results in high yields of insoluble by-products, referred to as humin. Valorization of humin by steam reforming for H2 is discussed. Both thermal and catalytic steam gasification were investigated systematically. Humin undergoes drastic changes under thermal pre-treatment to the gasification temperature. Alkali-metal-based catalysts were screened for the reactions. Na2 CO3 showed the highest activity and was selected for further study. The presence of Na2 CO3 enhances the gasification rate drastically, and gas-product analysis shows that the selectivity to CO and CO2 is 75% and 25%, respectively, which is a H2 /CO ratio of 2 (corresponding to 81.3% H2 as compared to the thermodynamic equilibrium). A possible process for the complete, efficient conversion of humin is outlined.

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Characterization of chars from biomass-derived materials: pectin chars

Cited by 147 publications

References 12 publications

A Novel Sulfonated Carbon Composite Solid Acid Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis

A Novel Sulfonated Carbon Composite Solid Acid Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis

Pyrolysis properties and kinetics of mandarin peel

Valorization of Humin‐Based Byproducts from Biomass Processing—A Route to Sustainable Hydrogen

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