A Novel Sulfonated Carbon Composite Solid Acid Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis

Mo, Xunhua; Lotero, Edgar; Lu, Chao; Liu, Yijun; Goodwin, James G.

doi:10.1007/s10562-008-9456-y

Cited by 186 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, a significant drop in the catalytic activity upon reuse was observed (Table 3). The deactivation behavior of sulfonated carbons has been described with different degree of detail in some cases [12,15,18,33], and also with other solid sulfonic acids [36]. On the contrary, some authors describe a complete stability of the sulfonated carbons in the same type of reactions [10,11].…”

Section: Catalytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, sulfonated carbons obtained by partial carbonisation of glucose or cellulose have been used as catalysts for esterification reactions [9][10][11][12][13], as well as monoliths prepared by one-pot synthesis in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid [14]. Sulfonated mesoporous carbon was obtained by replication of SBA-15 pores through carbonisation of sucrose, leading to highly active solids [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deactivation of sulfonated hydrothermal carbons in the presence of alcohols: Evidences for sulfonic esters formation

Fraile

García‐Bordejé

Roldán

2012

Journal of Catalysis

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Sulfonated hydrothermal carbons show high activity for esterification of palmitic acid with alcohols. However, the catalyst is significantly deactivated upon recovery. Leaching of sulfonated species does not account for this deactivation, which is observed even by pretreatment only with the alcohol under reflux. Solid state NMR shows the presence of chemically bound alkyl groups coming from the alcohol, clearly different from strongly physisorbed species obtained by pretreatment at room temperature. The formation of sulfonate esters accounts for the deactivation behavior in reactions taking place in alcohols as solvents, mainly with methanol due to its higher reactivity.

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Section: Catalytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deactivation of sulfonated hydrothermal carbons in the presence of alcohols: Evidences for sulfonic esters formation

Fraile

García‐Bordejé

Roldán

2012

Journal of Catalysis

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“…A conversion of 73.3% and yield of 53.7% was obtained at 150⁰C [14]. Also, polymer impregnated with glucose after pyrolysis and sulfonation afforded a catalyst with superior stability and activity due to its higher acid densities [15]. Sulfonated activated carbon was synthesized by reduction of aryl diazonium salt and its activity was compared with Nafion and Amberlyst-15, two commercial sulfonated catalysts ( Figure 13) [9].…”

Section: I-5other Methods Of Making Sulfonated (Biobased) Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Single Bio-based Catalyst for Bio-fuel and Bio-diesel

Emrani¹,

Shahbazi²

2012

J Biotechnol Biomaterial

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Current homogeneous catalysts used for commercial biodiesel synthesis are toxic and flammable. For Feedstock, their reaction requires refined oil which is a human food and expensive. In addition, due to contamination, the main byproduct of their reaction, glycerol is not usable for sale as a high value product and is land filled or burned as waste. Furthermore, the use of these catalysts in conversion of low cost feed-stocks such as waste oil and greases is not economical because their reactions produce soaps and clean up of the soap imposes additional processing cost to the biodiesel synthesis process. On the other hand, heterogeneous catalysts under development for biodiesel synthesis are either derived from non-renewable resources, or have problems with toxicity or stability. The solid heterogeneous bio-based catalysts are based on renewable resources, non-toxic, stable, effective, and low cost and are expected to work well for conversion of low cost feed-stocks such as waste oil and grease such as yellow, brown and black grease. In addition to catalyzing biodiesel synthesis, biobased catalysts can convert cellulosic agricultural waste to biofuel via saccarification followed by fermentation. Due to the abundance of cellulosic biomass in the nature, this reaction has great significance as it will affect the availability of not only biofuel from the fermentation of glucose, but also the availability of all organic chemicals and even hydrogen fuel from biomass. Because the catalytic active site in these catalysts are chemically bound, in contrast to other similar catalysts such as naphthalene sulfonic acid, the catalytic active sites of biobased catalysts will not break down, or leach. As a result, both the biodiesel and the glycerol by product will be free of catalyst contaminants. This allows the biodiesel to be safely burned and the glycerol byproduct to be sold as value-added commodity for pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses.

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“…[25] An aqueous solution of glucose (1.2 g glucose, 3 mL deionized water) and a small amount of concentrated sulfuric acid (0.2 g) were added to pre-dried (100 ºC air)…”

Section: P-c-so 3 Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation of Cellulose into Nonionic Surfactants Using a One‐Pot Catalytic Process

et al. 2016

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Alkyl glucosides surfactants have been synthesized by a cascade process which involves the methanolysis of cellulose into methyl glucosides followed by the transacetalization with n-octanol. The first step was carried out using methanol as solvent and acid catalysts (such as inorganic acids, heteropolyacids, ion-exchange resins or modified carbon materials). Subsequently long chain alkyl glucosides can be obtained in a second step by transacetalization which involves the reaction of methyl glucosides with a fatty alcohol using the same acid catalyst. The overall process was performed under mild conditions. Amorphous sulfonated carbon catalyst achieved the best results for the complete conversion of cellulose in methanol at 200 ο C with yields higher than 80 % of methyl α,β-glucopyranosides. Moreover, this material containing -SO 3 H groups is optimal to perform the second step obtaining octyl and decyl glucosides in yields higher than 73 % at 120 ο C. In addition, catalyst reusability has been tested showing that sulfonated carbon catalyst (C-SO 3 H) can be reused with only a slightly decrease of its activity after four consecutive cycles.

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A Novel Sulfonated Carbon Composite Solid Acid Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis

Cited by 186 publications

References 37 publications

Deactivation of sulfonated hydrothermal carbons in the presence of alcohols: Evidences for sulfonic esters formation

Deactivation of sulfonated hydrothermal carbons in the presence of alcohols: Evidences for sulfonic esters formation

A Single Bio-based Catalyst for Bio-fuel and Bio-diesel

Transformation of Cellulose into Nonionic Surfactants Using a One‐Pot Catalytic Process

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