Characterization of Carbonaceous Species of Ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Beijing, China

Yang, Fumo; He, Kebin; Ma, Yue; Zhang, Qiang; Cadle, Steven H.; Chan, Tai L.; Mulawa, Patricia A.

doi:10.1080/10473289.2005.10464699

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…The SOC / OC was higher than 0.5 during almost the whole sampling period, except on 30 January when the third haze event occurred. This ratio was higher than most of the results found in other areas such as in Beijing and Guangzhou (Yang et al, 2005;Tan et al, 2009). …”

Section: General Characteristics Of Haze Eventscontrasting

confidence: 73%

“…The relatively high ratios of OC / EC (10.6 ± 4.29), which were higher than the ratios in Beijing (7.1 ± 0.5) and Jinan (7.15 ± 1.78), demonstrated the existence of secondary organic carbon (SOC) Zhang et al, 2014). The concentrations of SOC were estimated by applying the EC tracer method, which has been widely used to estimate the secondary organic aerosol contribution to PM 2.5 concentrations (Castro et al, 1999;Yang et al, 2005). The minimum ratio of OC / EC was 3.09 in the present study.…”

Section: General Characteristics Of Haze Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Light extinction of PM 2.5 is highly associated with its chemical composition (Tao et al, 2014). Water-soluble inorganic ions and carbonaceous species often account for major fractions of PM 2.5 and are important contributors to visibility impairment (Tan et al, 2009;Pathak et al, 2009), and thus have been investigated extensively (Yang et al, 2005;Jansen et al, 2014;Pathak et al, 2009). Most existing studies were based on filter sampling and offline analysis and had limitations in providing detailed insight into the roles major chemical species play during shorter haze periods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of aerosol pollution during heavy haze events in Suzhou, China

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Extremely severe haze weather events occurred in many cities in China, especially in the east part of the country, in January 2013. Comprehensive measurements including hourly concentrations of PM 2.5 and its major chemical components (water-soluble inorganic ions, organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC)) and related gas-phase precursors were conducted via an online monitoring system in Suzhou, a medium-sized city in Jiangsu province, just east of Shanghai. PM 2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 µm or less) frequently exceeded 150 µg m −3 on hazy days, with the maximum reaching 324 µg m −3 on 14 January 2013. Unfavorable weather conditions (high relative humidity (RH), and low rainfall, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure) were conducive to haze formation. High concentrations of secondary aerosol species (including SO 2− 4 , NO − 3 , NH + 4 , and SOC) and gaseous precursors were observed during the first two haze events, while elevated primary carbonaceous species emissions were found during the third haze period, pointing to different haze formation mechanisms. Organic matter (OM), (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , and NH 4 NO 3 were found to be the major contributors to visibility impairment. High concentrations of sulfate and nitrate might be explained by homogeneous gas-phase reactions under low RH conditions and by heterogeneous processes under relatively high RH conditions. Analysis of air mass trajectory clustering and potential source contribution function showed that aerosol pollution in the studied areas was mainly caused by local activities and surrounding sources transported from nearby cities.

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Section: General Characteristics Of Haze Eventscontrasting

confidence: 73%

Section: General Characteristics Of Haze Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of aerosol pollution during heavy haze events in Suzhou, China

et al. 2016

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“…Previous studies usually determined the chemical compositions and optical properties of atmospheric aerosols separately [8][9][10]. Yang et al [11] compared the characteristics of PM2.5 in representative megacities of China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PM2.5 Chemical Compositions and Aerosol Optical Properties in Beijing during the Late Fall

Wang

Shi

et al. 2015

Atmosphere

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. Organic matter, NH4NO3 and (NH4)2SO4 were the major constituents of PM2.5, accounting for 39.4%, 15.4%, and 14.9% of the total mass, respectively, while fine soil, chloride salt, and elemental carbon together accounted for 27.7%. Daily scattering and absorption coefficients (σsc and σap) were in the range of 31.1-667 Mm . Significant increases in σsc and σap were observed during the pollution accumulation episodes. The revised IMPROVE algorithm was applied to estimate the extinction coefficient (bext). On average, organic matter was the largest contributor, accounting for OPEN ACCESSAtmosphere 2015, 6 165 44.6% of bext, while (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3, elemental carbon, and fine soil accounted for 16.3% 18.0%, 18.6%, and 2.34% of bext, respectively. Nevertheless, the contributions of (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 were significantly higher during the heavy pollution periods than those on clean days. Typical pollution episodes were also explored, and it has been characterized that secondary formation of inorganic compounds is more important than carbonaceous pollution for visibility impairment in Beijing.

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“…A major interest is on the carbonaceous fraction, which makes up a major fraction in PM. Studies reported between 8% and 53% of total carbon (TC) in PM 2.5 samples in Italy [5], 26% to 39% in PM 2.5 and 20% to 27% in PM 10 in California [6] or between 21% and 28% in PM 2.5 samples in different cities in Korea and China [7][8][9]. Whereas elemental carbon (EC) is emitted by combustion processes, organic carbon (OC) can also be of biogenic origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Influence of Seasonal and Spatial Variations on the Estimation of Secondary Organic Carbon in Urban Particulate Matter by Applying the EC-Tracer Method

et al. 2014

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Abstract:The elemental carbon (EC)-tracer method was applied to PM 10 and PM 1 data of three sampling sites in the City of Berlin from February to October 2010. The sites were characterized by differing exposure to traffic and vegetation. The aim was to determine the secondary organic carbon (SOC) concentration and to describe the parameters influencing the application of the EC-tracer method. The evaluation was based on comparisons with results obtained from positive matrix factorization (PMF) applied to the same samples. To obtain site-and seasonal representative primary OC/EC-ratios ([OC/EC] p ), the EC-tracer method was performed separately for each station, and additionally discrete for samples with high and low contribution of biomass burning. Estimated SOC-concentrations for all stations were between 11% and 33% of total OC. SOC-concentrations obtained with PMF exceeded EC-tracer results more than 100% at the park in the period with low biomass OPEN ACCESSAtmosphere 2014, 5 253 burning emissions in PM 10 . The deviations were besides others attributed to the high ratio of biogenic to combustion emissions and to direct exposure to vegetation. The occurrences of biomass burning emissions in contrast lead to increased SOC-concentrations compared to PMF in PM 10 . The obtained results distinguish that the EC-tracer-method provides well comparable results with PMF if sites are strongly influenced by one characteristic primary combustion source, but was found to be adversely influenced by direct and relatively high biogenic emissions.

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Characterization of Carbonaceous Species of Ambient PM_2.5 in Beijing, China

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

Characteristics of aerosol pollution during heavy haze events in Suzhou, China

Characteristics of aerosol pollution during heavy haze events in Suzhou, China

PM2.5 Chemical Compositions and Aerosol Optical Properties in Beijing during the Late Fall

Assessing the Influence of Seasonal and Spatial Variations on the Estimation of Secondary Organic Carbon in Urban Particulate Matter by Applying the EC-Tracer Method

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Characterization of Carbonaceous Species of Ambient PM2.5 in Beijing, China

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

Characteristics of aerosol pollution during heavy haze events in Suzhou, China

Characteristics of aerosol pollution during heavy haze events in Suzhou, China

PM2.5 Chemical Compositions and Aerosol Optical Properties in Beijing during the Late Fall

Assessing the Influence of Seasonal and Spatial Variations on the Estimation of Secondary Organic Carbon in Urban Particulate Matter by Applying the EC-Tracer Method

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Characterization of Carbonaceous Species of Ambient PM_2.5 in Beijing, China