Characterization of carbonaceous combustion residues. I. Morphological, elemental and spectroscopic features

Fernandes, Milena; Skjemstad, J. O.; Johnson, Bruce B.; Wells, John D.; Brooks, Peter

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(03)00098-5

Cited by 159 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In this way, the positive loadings at 169 ppm can be attributed to carboxyl groups attached to BC aromatic rings, and the negative loadings at 174 ppm to amide from proteins/peptides (Fernandes et al, 2003). Thus, the larger the scores for this PC, the larger will be the contribution of BC structures to the compositions of the HAs, and these structures are characterised by recalcitrant (aryl) and reactive groups (carboxyl).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of graphitic-like structures can induce local magnetic susceptibility heterogeneities (Freitas et al, 1999(Freitas et al, , 2001) and lead to a "reflection" of the excitation pulse -the "skin effect" (Fernandes et al, 2003;Knicker et al, 2005a). The problem is enhanced when carrying out the CSA filter and TOSS experiments required for the quantification method of Mao and Schmidt-Rohr (2004) because these experiments involve the application of many cascaded π pulses that enhance the effect of the pulse imperfections.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies of the Compositions of Humic Acids from Amazonian Dark Earth Soils

Novotny

deAzevedo

Bonagamba

et al. 2006

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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ABSTRACT. The compositions of humic acids (HAs) isolated from cultivated and forest 'Terra Preta de Índio' or Amazonian Dark Earth (ADE) soils (formed as the result of pre-Columbian anthropogenic activity) were compared with those from adjacent non-anthropogenic soils (NAS) using elemental and thermogravimetric analyses, and a variety of solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. The thermogravimetric index (TGI, or the ratio of the weight lost in the range 378 to 623K, indicative of polysaccharides and the decarboxylation of acidic groups, to that in the range 623 to 923K, indicative of combustion of aromatic structures and cleavages of C-C bonds) was greater for the anthropogenic soils than for the control soils indicating polycyclic aromatic components in the former. The cultivated anthropogenic soils (CAS) were more enriched in C and depleted in H than the anthropogenic soils under forest (ASF), as the result of the selective degradation of aliphatic structures and the possible enrichment of H-deficient condensed aromatic structures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of the Compositions of Humic Acids from Amazonian Dark Earth Soils

Novotny

deAzevedo

Bonagamba

et al. 2006

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Soot-BC consists of sub-micron particles formed at high combustion temperatures via condensation of hydrocarbons, followed by the growth and stacking of aromatic layers (Ishiguro et al, 1997;Schmidt and Noack, 2000;Gustafsson et al, 2001). Char-BC consists of larger particles formed at relative lower temperatures from incomplete combustion of wood or other organic materials (Goldberg, 1985;Schmidt and Noack, 2000;Fernandes et al, 2003;Nguyen et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability and carbon isotope changes of soot and char materials during thermal oxidation: Implication for quantification and source appointment

2012

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“…Onac et al (1997) report on iron reach spheres with high REE content found in ferromanganese coatings, which formed after being leached from bauxite and residual clays from above the cave. In our case the origin of this material is doubtful, but it might be an urban and industrial emission of combustion sources (Fernandes et al 2003;Maravelaki-Kalaitzaki 2005;Chang et al 2007 Under the SEM, black coatings in Črna Jama were scarcer, and their form appears different from coatings found in entrance parts of Postojna cave system. In some cases (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…In some cases (Fig. 9a) they resemble wood charcoal or vegetation fire residues (Fernandes et al 2003). However, in the spectrum 1 there is no evidence for extreme enrichment with carbon -at least not to the same degree as in the case of the entrance parts of Postojna cave system.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Mineralogical and chemical characteristics of black coatings in Postojna cave system

Zupančič¹,

Šebela

Miler

2011

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IzvlečekUDK 551.442:549(497.471) Nina Zupančič, Stanka Šebela & Miloš Miler: Mineraloške in kemijske značilnosti črnih prevlek v Postojnskem jamskem sistemu Črne prevleke iz dveh nahajališč v Postojnskem jamskem siste mu so bile mineraloško in kemijsko analizirane. Naključni vzorci so bili pobrani iz vhodnih delov jame in iz Črne jame. Vzorce smo analizirali v polarizirani presevni svetlobi, z rentgen sko difrakcijsko metodo ter z vrstičnim elektronskim mikroskopom z energijsko disperzijskim spektrometrom rentgen skih žarkov (SEM/EDS). Mikroskopska preiskava zbruskov iz obeh lokacij je pokazala, da je glavna sestavina črnih prevlek karbonat -kalcit, s posameznimi večinoma zelo majhnimi neprozornimi črnimi zrni. Metoda rentgenske difrakcije iz obeh nahajališč je potrdila le prisotnost kalcita in v manjši meri kremena in dolomita, pri čemer je izločila prisotnost Mn in Fe oksidov ali apatitove skupine mineralov (gvano netopirjev) kot vzrok za črne prevleke. SEM/EDS analiza vzorcev iz vhodnih delov Postojnskega jamskega sistema je potrdila analizo rentgenske difrakcije, ki ni pokazala Mn oksidov. Visoka vsebnost C, merjenega v črnih prevlekah iz vhodnih delov jame, potrjuje organski C, ki se je odložil na jamske stene v obdobju eksplozije bencina med 2.svetovno vojno. Tudi črne prevleke iz Črne jame lahko pripišemo organskemu C, ki pa je zagotovo drugačen od tistega v vhodnih delih Postojnskega jamskega sistema. Ker iz Črne jame ni znanih dokazov o starih poselitvah, so bakle prvih turistov najverjetnejši vzrok za oglje. Na obeh lokacijah bi morda lahko črne prevleke vsaj deloma razlagali z mikroklimatskimi razmerami na vhodih v jamo, ki so povzročili odlaganje organskega materiala zunanjega izvora (npr. saje gozdnih požarov). Ključne besede: črne prevleke, mineralogija, kemija, Postojnski jamski sistem, Slovenija.1 Naravoslovnotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za geologijo, Aškerčeva 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, e-mail: nina.zupancic@ntf.uni-lj.si Mineralogical and chemical analyses of black coatings from two sites in Postojna cave system were studied. Scattered samples were taken from the entrance parts of the cave and from Črna Jama. Thin sections, powder x-ray diffraction (xRD) technique and scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (SEM/EDS) were used. Microscopic investigation of thin sections of black coloured material from both locations revealed that the main material is carbonate -calcite, with evenly dispersed prevailingly minute opaque black grains. The xRD analysis on samples from both locations confirmed just a presence of calcite with minor quartz and dolomite, excluding Mn and Fe oxides or apatite-group minerals as reason for black colouring. The SEM/EDS analysis of samples from the entrance parts of Postojna cave system was consistent with xRD analysis, which did not show any Mn oxides. The high content of C measured in the black coatings from the cave entrance parts indicates organic C, which deposited on the cave walls at time of the petrol explosion during WW2. We...

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Characterization of carbonaceous combustion residues. I. Morphological, elemental and spectroscopic features

Cited by 159 publications

References 35 publications

Studies of the Compositions of Humic Acids from Amazonian Dark Earth Soils

Studies of the Compositions of Humic Acids from Amazonian Dark Earth Soils

Stability and carbon isotope changes of soot and char materials during thermal oxidation: Implication for quantification and source appointment

Mineralogical and chemical characteristics of black coatings in Postojna cave system

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