Characterization of carbon black modified by maleic acid

Asokan, Vijayshankar; Kosinski, Pawel; Skodvin, Tore; Myrseth, Velaug

doi:10.1007/s11706-013-0217-5

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 133 publications

(216 reference statements)

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“…This difference in their reactivity makes a reaction path including the interaction of metal catalyst and formation of graphene layers proceeds in a different way. As previously stated [66] the surface area of XC72R and Timcal 350G is 241 and 777 m 2 /g respectively. We suspect that this variation might make a difference in the reactivity of the two CBs.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

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Effect of Pt and Fe catalysts in the transformation of carbon black into carbon nanotubes

Asokan

Myrseth

Kosinski

2015

Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids

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a b s t r a c tIn this research carbon nanotubes and carbon nano onion-like structures were synthesized from carbon black using metal catalysts at 400°C and 700°C. Platinum and iron-group metals were used as catalysts for the transformation of CB into graphitized nanocarbon and the effect of both metals was compared. The synthesized products were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The characterization shows that this process is very efficient in the synthesis of high quality graphitized products from amorphous carbon black, even though the process temperature was relatively low in comparison with previous studies. Distinguished graphitic walls of the newly formed carbon nanostructures were clearly visible in the HRTEM images. Possible growth difference related to the type of catalyst used is briefly explained with the basis of electron vacancies in d-orbitals of metals.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

“…surface area of CB [65,66]. CBs produced in different processes (here Timcal 350G and Cabot XC72R) vary completely with their physical properties (including porosity, surface area, and particle size).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pt and Fe catalysts in the transformation of carbon black into carbon nanotubes

Asokan

Myrseth

Kosinski

2015

Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids

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“…Figure shows the spectral analysis of each sample. Referring to Table , all infrared spectra showed a broad band in the 3200–3500 cm –1 overlapping several very low-intensity peaks just above 3000 cm –1 , which can be attributed on the one hand to the vibration peak of the hydroxyl stretches (−OH) and conjugated double bonds in phenol groups. − In the next region, between 2600 to 3000 cm –1 , the observed peaks 2923, 2853, and 2660 cm –1 , were ascribed to the −CH vibrations of the aliphatic species present in the spectra of the basic aromatic structures of carbon black, charcoal and other carbon materials or to hydroxyl (OH) frequencies in phenol groups and carboxylic acid groups. − On the other hand, the region at 1685–1850 cm –1 is typical of the CO deformation of the carboxylic and carbonyl functions. ,, More clearly, the peaks at 1737 and 1692 cm –1 , respectively, reveal the presence of carboxylic and lactonic acid groups in this region, as well as anhydrides due to the frequency of the CO absorption bands of 1780 at 1850 cm –1 . ,− In the range of 1580–1600 cm –1 , the peak at 1586 cm –1 can be attributed to the −CH vibrational characteristics of the −C–CC symmetry plane deformations present in different aromatic plane structures of the materials. − Strong bands in the range of 1350 to 1462 cm –1 also indicate C–O vibrations in surface carboxylic acid or carboxylate anionic groups. , Moreover, in the 1230–1150 cm –1 band, this C–O stretching mode can be affected by vibrations in phenolics, as well as in carbonyl CO deformations of carboxylic acid and lactone groups and anhydrides. − …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…42−44 On the other hand, the region at 1685−1850 cm −1 is typical of the C�O deformation of the carboxylic and carbonyl functions. 39,42,43 More clearly, the peaks at 1737 and 1692 cm −1 , respectively, reveal the presence of carboxylic and lactonic acid groups in this region, as well as anhydrides due to the frequency of the C�O absorption bands of 1780 at 1850 cm −1 . 39,42−44 In the range of 1580−1600 cm −1 , the peak at 1586 cm −1 can be attributed to the −CH vibrational characteristics of the −C−C�C symmetry plane deformations present in different aromatic plane structures of the materials.…”

Section: Specific Surface Area (Nitrogen Physisorptionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Controlled Air Oxidation for Surface Functionalization of Pyrolytic Carbon Black

Diby

Atheba

Kaliaguine

2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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It is known that the chemical composition of pyrolytic carbon black changes considerably after the pyrolysis process of the tire owing to the presence of a high level of charge which alters the homogeneity of its surface and therefore affects the efficiency of the interactions of pyrolytic carbon black with polymers. Thus, when used in composites, the presence of these impurities causes a nonhomogeneous distribution of the pyrolytic nanofillers in the matrix. This results in the agglomeration of the pyrolytic fillers, which limits their effectiveness as reinforcing materials. Surface treatment techniques have been developed to reduce the chemical activity of impurities, but innovative practical techniques to improve the structural surface properties of the pyrolytic filler enhancing its effectiveness in composites are still needed. To do so, the main objective of these innovations is to improve the surface chemical properties to enhance the surface chemical activity of the pyrolytic black. It is in this context that this work is intended. The functionalization of the surface of pyrolytic carbon blacks involved a precise control of oxidation by air, which allowed grafting acidic oxygen functional groups. The objective is to reinforce the activity of the surface properties to allow better adhesion between the filler and the polymers for the possible development of composites with a plastic matrix. In this study, the functionalization technique is quite ecological, and the oxidizing agent used was oxygen from air. This technique made it possible to carry out controlled oxidation of different samples of pyrolytic carbon black over different initial temperature ranges (Top), namely, from 25 to 370 °C, from 370 to 385 °C, and above 385 °C. In each experiment, the evolution of the oxidation temperature of the treated sample was monitored, and the final product was characterized by a variety of physicochemical characterization techniques including thermogravimetric analysis, the physisorption isotherm of nitrogen to determine the specific surface area (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method) and diameter and pore size distribution estimated by nonlocal functional density theory. Also, the concentration of oxygenated acid functions was evaluated using Boehm titration, and infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform in attenuated total reflection mode ATR–FTIR was carried out as well on each oxidized sample. Raman spectroscopy was utilized to examine possible modifications of the carbon ordering. Transmission electron microscopy was also applied. For samples oxidized over the initial temperature range of 370–385 °C, the process allowed generating maximum concentrations of surface acidic oxygen groups with only insignificant weight loss. Also, the injection of water vapor at selected oxidation time into the reactor allowed good control of the local temperature distribution in the sample, which is particularly important for the temperature of the hot spots likely to form at the points on the surface where oxidation begins.

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“…These results implicate that the selection of CB is very important. CB can be emerged if it can disperse in water system 32,33 and be composed of primary CB particles having uniform size 34 through the modification of basic CB. Nerox 505 used in this experiment was selected considering these aspects.…”

Section: Morphology Of Cu-deposited Cbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of electrically conductive substrates using copper nanoparticles-deposited carbon black

Lim

Lee

Choi³

et al. 2016

Journal of Composite Materials

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Carbon black particles surrounded by copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) were synthesized using electroless plating method. Palladium chloride was adsorbed onto carbon black, followed by the reduction of palladium chloride for catalyzing the reduction of Cu ions on the surface of carbon black particles. After that, carbon black particles doped by palladium catalyst were dispersed and stirred in Cu plating bath. Cu ions being reduced, Cu NPs surrounded the surface of carbon black particles (Cu@CB). The ratios of Cu to carbon black were controlled through variation of weight of Cu ions in Cu plating bath from 1:1 to 1:7. Cu@CB was applied to electrically conductive substrates with ethyl cellulose binder. Electrical properties and morphology were measured and compared with different weight ratio of Cu and carbon black. It was found that when weight ratio of Cu to carbon black was above three, resistivity of conductive substrates fabricated decreased dramatically. Lowest resistivity was 5.93 × 10−4 Ωcm, confirming the advantages of Cu@CB which has possibility of lowering weight percentage of metal in conductive substrates through simple process.

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Characterization of carbon black modified by maleic acid

Cited by 13 publications

References 133 publications

Effect of Pt and Fe catalysts in the transformation of carbon black into carbon nanotubes

Effect of Pt and Fe catalysts in the transformation of carbon black into carbon nanotubes

Controlled Air Oxidation for Surface Functionalization of Pyrolytic Carbon Black

Fabrication of electrically conductive substrates using copper nanoparticles-deposited carbon black

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