Characterization of canadian arctic fossil woods

Obst, John R.; McMillan, N. J.; Blanchette, Robert A.; Christensen, Darryl J.; Faix, O.; Han, Jianlin; Kuster, TA; Landucci, Lawrence L.; Newman, R.H.; Pettersen, Reidar; Schwandt, VH; Wesołowski, Mirosław

doi:10.4095/131951

Cited by 27 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Those granules were interpreted by these authors to have a high lignin content or more likely lignin degradation products. The modification pattern with most intense alterations of the S l and S2 layers indicates a preferable degradation of cell wall areas with lower lignin content.This resembles observations made on waterlogged archeological oak woods (Hoffmann and Parameswaran 1982;Obst et al 1989). Hoffmann etal.…”

Section: Microscopysupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Less affected areas showed an almost homogeneous finegranular substructure, but without fibrillar subunits äs generally visible in recent wood (Fig.5). It is assumed that the change from the fibrillar to the finegranular stage indicates a loss of hemicelluloses and celluloses probably caused by abiotic mechanisms (Obst et al 1989). In some cases dark granules appear to mark the former boundary of a cavity, which was almost free of any residues (Fig.6).…”

Section: Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Microscopy and Analytical Pyrolysis of Paleowood fromNothofagus dombeyiandAmomyrtus luma

Diaz-Vaz¹,

Schmitt²,

Ruetze³

et al. 1991

Holzforschung

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

13,000-year-old wood pieces from Amomyrtus luma and Nothofagus dombeyi from southern Chile were investigated by light and electron-microscopy. Determination of the lignin/carbohydrate composition was performed by analytical micropyrolysis. Sl ans S2 layers of the cell walls were found to be heavily degraded, whereas compound middle lamellae and S3 layers appeared almost unchanged. Analytical micropyrolysis revealed that the degradation was mainly restricted to carbohydrates and to a very limited extent to lignin compounds. Both microscopy and micropyrolysis providcd no clear evidence, whether degradation was dominated by biotic or abiotic processes.

show abstract

Section: Microscopysupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopy and Analytical Pyrolysis of Paleowood fromNothofagus dombeyiandAmomyrtus luma

Diaz-Vaz¹,

Schmitt²,

Ruetze³

et al. 1991

Holzforschung

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1989: Bates et al. 1991: Obst et al. 1991 In the sub-recent samples a constant hexosc/ pentose ratio was observed pointing to the fact that an almost equal amount of hemicellulose and cellulose is removed during the first stages of peatification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A combined pyrolysis mass spectrometric and light microscopic study of peatified Calluna wood isolated from raised bog peat deposits

Heijden

Boon

1994

Organic Geochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A combined pyrolysis mass spectrometric and light microscopic study of peatified Calluna wood isolated from raised bog peat deposits van der Heyden, E.; Boon, J.J. (1994). A combined pyrolysis mass spectrometric and light microscopic study of peatified Calluna wood isolated from raised bog peat deposits. Organic Geochemistry, 22(6), 903-919. DOI: 10.1016/0146-6380(94)90028-0 General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Download date: 10 May 2018 Pergamon 0146-6380(94)00095-6Org. Geochem. Vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 903-919, 1994 Copyright Abstract--Stem wood of the Angiosperm Calluna vulgaris (Scotch heather), isolated at different depths from a selection of raised bog peat deposits, was chemically characterized using in-source pyrolysis mass spectrometry (Py-MS) and Curie-point pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS).Light microscopy was performed to relate mass spectrometric characteristics with anatomical features. Peatified wood samples, isolated from increasing depth show a gradual decrease in carbohydrate content. This decrease is anatomically reflected in a selective removal of secondary cell wall material from the fibre-tracheids and wood parenchyma. During prolonged peatification a selective removal of hemicellulose sugars is observed, while a part of the cellulose fraction is preserved. This highly resistant cellulose is mainly located in the secondary cell walls of the vessels. The lignin macromolecule is preserved, but a gradual decrease in syringyl to guaiacyl ratio (S/G) is observed during peatification. Because no increase in catechol and phenolic compounds is observed, we conclude that S/G shifts are due to the removal of syringyl-rich secondary cell wall material and the retention of guaiacyl-rich compound middle lamella, Small chemical changes in the lignin macromolecule involve shifts in oxygen substitutions on the aliphatic side chains of the methoxyphenolics and the occurrence of aromatic acids.

show abstract

“…Although some earlier anatomical studies have been performed on northwest European peat deposits (Puffe and Grosse-Brauckmann, 1963;Grosse-Brauckmann and Puffe, 1964), most recent work has been done on the anatomical characterisation of subtropical peat deposits (Cohen and Spackman, 1972, 1977, 1980Cohen, 1983;Cohen et al, 1989;Rollins et al, 1991), coal (Spackman, 1958;Stach et al, 1982;Taylor and Liu, 1987 ), isolated peatified and coalified wood (Barghoorn and Spackman, 1950;Spackman and Barghoorn, 1966;Ting, 1977;Russell, 1984;Stout, 1985;Spackman, 1987, 1989;Blanchette et al, 1991 ), fossil charcoal (Scott and Jones, 1991 ) and other peat-forming plant parts (Stewart and Follett, 1966;Cohen andSpackman, 1972, 1980;Cohen et al, 1987;Boon et al, 1989). Studies on the correlation between the anatomical and chemical characteristics of peatified plant tissues have been performed mostly on wood or complex peat (Barghoorn and Spackman, 1950;Philp et al, 1982;Cohen and Andrejko, 1984;Hedges et al, 1985;Stout, 1988;Hatcher et al, 1989;Van der Heijden et al, 1991;Obst et al, 1991;Rollins et al, 1991;Van der Heijden et al, in prep. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy of recent and peatified Calluna vulgaris stems: implications for coal maceral formation

Heijden

Bouman

Boon

1994

International Journal of Coal Geology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anatomical characteristics of peatified Calluna vulgaris stems isolated from a selection of Northwest European raised bog peat deposits were compared with intact stems in order to reveal anatomical modifications caused by the peatification process. Four main decomposition processes were discerned: ( 1 ) loss of structural integrity of cell walls and cell inclusions; (2) gelification and swelling of cell walls; (3) discolouration of cell walls; and (4) deposition of matter in cell lumina.Fibre-tracheids and wood parenchyma appear to be the most affected cell types. The two main decomposition trends discerned in these tissues were related to different fungal types. Precipitation of decay products was mainly observed in vessels. Bark tissues, primary xylem and medullary parenchyma were characterized by an excellent anatomical preservation. In the first stages of peatification a rapid decrease in cell contents was observed in bark tissues. Swelling and gelification was mainly seen in cell walls of the cambium and vessels.We conclude that different types of cell walls respond differently to decay conditions. This is probably related to differences in the original cell wall chemistry. A high intra-and intercellular variability in degree of preservation was sometimes observed in identical tissues. The microscopic variability arising during peatification of wood and bark testifies to the heterogeneity of coal macerals derived from these tissues.

show abstract

Characterization of canadian arctic fossil woods

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Microscopy and Analytical Pyrolysis of Paleowood fromNothofagus dombeyiandAmomyrtus luma

Microscopy and Analytical Pyrolysis of Paleowood fromNothofagus dombeyiandAmomyrtus luma

A combined pyrolysis mass spectrometric and light microscopic study of peatified Calluna wood isolated from raised bog peat deposits

Anatomy of recent and peatified Calluna vulgaris stems: implications for coal maceral formation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About