“…Other difference between IVF and parthenogenetic embryos is the calcium releasing at oocyte activation. While the chemical activation with ionomycin induces a single and large calcium release (Alberio, Zakhartchenko, Motlik, & Wolf, ; Jellerette et al, ), the fertilization sperm factors trigger a series of calcium oscillations (Alberio et al, ; Miyazaki & Ito, ), which effect is mediated by the oocyte machinery (Alberio et al, ; Tang et al, ). Also, nuclei of fertilized one‐ and two‐cell embryos have calcium‐releasing activity provided by the sperm, in contrast to parthenogenetic embryos (Kono, Carroll, Swann, & Whittingham, ).…”