Characterization of bovine coronavirus isolates/from eight different states in the USA

Kapil, Sanjay; Richardson, Kay L.; Maag, Trisha R; Goyal, Sagar M.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(99)00042-5

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Furthermore, Canadian isolates collected between 1987 and 1990 have been classified into three antigenic subgroups on the basis of their reactivity with a panel of mAbs [23]. Hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) activity of sera against Mebus also revealed antigenic differences in field isolates in the United States, which were classified into three subgroups [16]. For the serological diagnosis of BCoV, reference strains such as Mebus or Kakegawa have been used in the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and VN test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigenic variation among recent Japanese isolates of bovine coronaviruses belonging to phylogenetically distinct genetic groups

et al. 2012

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Bovine coronaviruses (BCoVs) isolated in Japan consist of four genetic groups, as determined by phylogenetic analysis using the polymorphic region (aa 456-592) of the S glycoprotein gene. Japanese field isolates of BCoV, reference Kakegawa strain, and vaccine strain 66/H were analyzed for their antigenic properties by indirect immunofluorescence and neutralization testing. There were no significant differences observed among these BCoVs in direct immunofluorescence tests. However, antigenic differences were observed between BCoVs in the neutralization tests, although there was no clear indication of a distinct serotype. A monoclonal antibody, 4H4, against the Kakegawa strain belonging to group 1 lacked significant neutralizing activity for viruses of groups 2, 3, and 4. Therefore, we speculate that the genetic differences between these groups may have altered their antigenicity. Analysis of mutant viruses resistant to neutralization by 4H4 revealed that the antigenic site of the Kakegawa strain maps to amino acid position 284 of the S glycoprotein. This site is not homologous to a known antigenic site (aa 528) of the Quebec strain belonging to group 1, and it is not located in the conformational domain comprising domain I (aa 351-403) and domain II (aa 517-621). This amino acid constitutes a neutralization epitope of BCoV, which is distinct from aa 528 of the Quebec strain. These results indicate antigenic evolution of BCoV between the genetic groups circulating in Japan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigenic variation among recent Japanese isolates of bovine coronaviruses belonging to phylogenetically distinct genetic groups

et al. 2012

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“…Antigenic Group 3 is the predominant BECoV presently circulating in the United States. 137 Recent calf diarrhea isolates of BECoV are not blocked in hemagglutination-inhibition test by polyclonal antiserum prepared against antigenic Group 1 (Mebus isolate of BECoV). From the list of commercially available BECoV vaccines listed previously, only one (Guardian, Intervet/ Schering-Plough Animal Health, NE) contains both antigenic variants of BECoV.…”

Section: Antigenic Variation Among Bovine Enteropathogenic and Respirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Coronavirus Associated Syndromes

Boileau

Kapil

2010

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice

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131

184

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Bovine coronaviruses, like other animal coronaviruses, have a predilection for intestinal and respiratory tracts. The viruses responsible for enteric and respiratory symptoms are closely related antigenically and genetically. Only 4 bovine coronavirus isolates have been completely sequenced and thus, the information about the genetics of the virus is still limited. This article reviews the clinical syndromes associated with bovine coronavirus, including pneumonia in calves and adult cattle, calf diarrhea, and winter dysentery; diagnostic methods; prevention using vaccination; and treatment, with adjunctive immunotherapy.

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“…The haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test is performed concurrently to improve the specificity of the HA test. Besides, another disadvantage of the HA/HI test is the need to maintain mouse colonies as sources of the fresh erythrocytes that are required for this diagnostic test (Sato et al, 1977;Kapil et al, 1999). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are probably the most widely used diagnostic test for BCoV although this test lacks sensitivity (Sato and Akashi, 1993;Tsunemitsu and Saif, 1995;Schoenthaler and Kapil, 1999;Silva et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved detection of bovine coronavirus N gene in faeces of calves infected naturally by a semi-nested PCR assay and an internal control

Takiuchi

Stipp

Alfieri

2006

Journal of Virological Methods

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Bovine coronavirus (BCoV), a positive sense single-stranded RNA virus, is an important causative agent of neonatal diarrhoea in calves from beef and dairy cattle worldwide. The routine detection and diagnosis of BCoV have been mainly dependent on assays with low sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate a semi-nested PCR (SN-PCR) to amplify a 251bp fragment of BCoV N gene from fresh (n=25) and frozen (n=25) diarrhoeic faecal samples of naturally infected calves. To improve detection of BCoV in faecal samples by the SN-PCR an internal control was developed, and the results were compared with a conventional RT-PCR assay. The rates of positive samples by SN-PCR and RT-PCR were 24% (12/50) and 8% (4/50), respectively (K=0.43). Only fresh samples were positive in RT-PCR while the SN-PCR detected BCoV in both fresh and frozen faecal samples. The sensitivity of SN-PCR was determined by 10-fold serial dilutions of the BCoV Kakegawa strain (HA titre: 256) that was detected until 10(-7) dilution. The specificity of the amplicons was assessed by restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analysis. The inclusion of an internal control provides a way to detect assay inhibition in faecal samples and failure of nucleic acid extraction that allow reduction of the number of false-negative results.

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Characterization of bovine coronavirus isolates/from eight different states in the USA

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Antigenic variation among recent Japanese isolates of bovine coronaviruses belonging to phylogenetically distinct genetic groups

Antigenic variation among recent Japanese isolates of bovine coronaviruses belonging to phylogenetically distinct genetic groups

Bovine Coronavirus Associated Syndromes

Improved detection of bovine coronavirus N gene in faeces of calves infected naturally by a semi-nested PCR assay and an internal control

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