Characterization of biovar 3 strains of &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas syringae&lt;/i&gt; pv. &lt;i&gt;actinidiae&lt;/i&gt; isolated in Japan.

宏之, 澤田; 伸一, 清水; 孝典, 三好; 毅, 篠崎; 智子, 楠元; 真弓, 野口; 毅誌, 成富; 賢次, 菊原; 将則, 間佐古; 貴史, 藤川; 良二, 中畝

doi:10.3186/jjphytopath.81.111

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…bleeding canker disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) emerged in 2008 with severe consequences for production in Europe, Asia, New Zealand, and Chile (Balestra et al 2010;Abelleira et al 2011;Everett et al 2011;Vanneste et al 2011;Koh et al 2012;Zhao et al 2013;Sawada et al 2015). Earlier disease epidemics in China, South Korea, and Japan had regional impacts, however as infections were often lethal and the pathogen rapidly disseminated, Psa was predicted to pose a major threat to global kiwifruit production Koh et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…chinensis (e.g., "Hort16A") began only in the 2000s and an outbreak of global proportions soon followed. The first published notices of the latest outbreak on gold kiwifruit issued from Italy in 2008, with reports from neighboring European countries, New Zealand, Asia, and Chile occurring soon after (Balestra et al 2010;Abelleira et al 2011;Everett et al 2011;Vanneste et al 2011;European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization 2011;Koh et al 2012;Sawada et al 2015). Whole genome sequencing showed the most recent global outbreak of disease was caused by a new clade of Psa (previously referred to as Psa-V and now referred to as Psa-3), whereas earlier disease incidents in Japan and Korea were caused by strains forming separate clades referred to as Psa-1 (previously Psa-J) and Psa-2 (previously Psa-K), respectively (Marcelletti et al 2011;Mazzaglia et al 2012;Butler et al 2013;McCann et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests that pandemic Psa-3 was either introduced into Japan via New Zealand, or from the same as-yet unknown region in China from which transmission to New Zealand occurred. Psa-3 was first identified as causing disease in four prefectures across Japan in April 2014(Sawada et al 2015). Japan imported pollen and plant material from both China and New Zealand prior and subsequent to Psa-3 detection in both those countries, though the amount of pollen imported from New Zealand in 2012 (349 kg) and 2013 (190 kg) far outweighed the amount imported from China (1 kg in both 2012 and 2013) (Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 2016).…”

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Origin and Evolution of the Kiwifruit Canker Pandemic

McCann

Liu

et al. 2017

Genome Biology and Evolution

103

126

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Recurring epidemics of kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) bleeding canker disease are caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa). In order to strengthen understanding of population structure, phylogeography, and evolutionary dynamics, we isolated Pseudomonas from cultivated and wild kiwifruit across six provinces in China. Based on the analysis of 80 sequenced Psa genomes, we show that China is the origin of the pandemic lineage but that strain diversity in China is confined to just a single clade. In contrast, Korea and Japan harbor strains from multiple clades. Distinct independent transmission events marked introduction of the pandemic lineage into New Zealand, Chile, Europe, Korea, and Japan. Despite high similarity within the core genome and minimal impact of within-clade recombination, we observed extensive variation even within the single clade from which the global pandemic arose.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Origin and Evolution of the Kiwifruit Canker Pandemic

McCann

Liu

et al. 2017

Genome Biology and Evolution

103

126

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“…In Japan, the occurrence of this disease was first recognized around 1980 (Serizawa, 1986). Later, in 2014, biovar 3, considered to be of foreign origin, was confirmed for the first time in Japan (Sawada et al, 2015), and since then major damage has been reported. In addition, Psa is rich in diversity, and discoveries are continually being made of new biovars with different levels of virulence (Sawada et al, 2014a, which has led to a certain level of complexity around the occurrence of this disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity ofPseudomonas syringaepv.actinidiae, pathogen of kiwifruit bacterial canker

Sawada

Fujikawa

2019

Plant Pathology

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Bacterial canker disease of kiwifruit currently occurs in at least 15 countries, causing serious damage. The causative agent of the disease is Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), which is genetically diverse and is currently classified into five biovars, namely, biovars 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6. In Japan, four biovars except biovar 2 have been found so far. These biovars have been confirmed to have differences in the virulence and composition of pathogenicity‐related genes, such as toxin biosynthesis and type III effector genes. Biovars 1 and 6 possess the tox island, a genomic island of approximately 38 kb, which contains phaseolotoxin biosynthesis genes (argK‐tox cluster) and is confirmed to have been acquired from other bacteria through horizontal transfers. Also, on the megaplasmid possessed by biovar 6, there exist coronatine biosynthesis genes, and biovar 6 has the ability to produce two phytotoxins, phaseolotoxin and coronatine. In 2014, biovar 3, considered to be of foreign origin, was confirmed for the first time in Japan. Biovar 5, whose virulence is relatively weak, is distributed only in a limited area. In addition to the tox island and various plasmids, a large number of mobile genetic elements are confirmed to be present on the Psa genomes, which might have played a major role in helping Psa to acquire new features. In order to understand how Psa acquired the ability to infect kiwifruit systemically, it is important to make polyphasic comparisons with related pathovars, such as P. syringae pv. theae and pv. actinidifoliorum.

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“…actinidiae (Psa) -the causative agent of bleeding canker disease. The latest outbreak was first reported in Italy in 2008 (Balestra et al, 2008) before spreading rapidly through most kiwifruit growing regions of the world (Abelleira et al, 2011;Everett et al, 2011;Koh et al, 2012;Zhao et al, 2013;Sawada et al, 2015), arriving in New Zealand in 2010 (Everett et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ecological genetics of Pseudomonas syringae from kiwifruit leaves

Straub

Colombi

et al. 2018

Environmental Microbiology

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Interactions between commensal microbes and invading pathogens are understudied, despite their likely effects on pathogen population structure and infection processes. We describe the population structure and genetic diversity of a broad range of co-occurring Pseudomonas syringae isolated from infected and uninfected kiwifruit during an outbreak of bleeding canker disease caused by P. syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) in New Zealand. Overall population structure was clonal and affected by ecological factors including infection status and cultivar. Most isolates are members of a new clade in phylogroup 3 (PG3a), also present on kiwifruit leaves in China and Japan. Stability of the polymorphism between pathogenic Psa and commensal P. syringae PG3a isolated from the same leaf was tested using reciprocal invasion from rare assays in vitro and in planta. P. syringae G33C (PG3a) inhibited Psa NZ54, while the presence of Psa NZ54 enhanced the growth of P. syringae G33C. This effect could not be attributed to virulence activity encoded by the Type 3 secretion system of Psa. Together our data contribute toward the development of an ecological perspective on the genetic structure of pathogen populations.

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Characterization of biovar 3 strains of <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>actinidiae</i> isolated in Japan.

Cited by 37 publications

References 17 publications

Origin and Evolution of the Kiwifruit Canker Pandemic

Origin and Evolution of the Kiwifruit Canker Pandemic

Genetic diversity ofPseudomonas syringaepv.actinidiae, pathogen of kiwifruit bacterial canker

The ecological genetics of Pseudomonas syringae from kiwifruit leaves

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