Characterization of Bacterial Communities and Their Antibiotic Resistance Profiles in Wastewaters Obtained from Pharmaceutical Facilities in Lagos and Ogun States, Nigeria

Abstract

In Nigeria, pharmaceutical wastewaters are routinely disseminated in river waters; this could be associated with public health risk to humans and animals. In this study, we characterized antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and their antibiotic resistance profile as well as screening for sul1 and sul2 genes in pharmaceutical wastewater effluents. Bacterial composition of the wastewater sources was isolated on non-selective media and characterized by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 16S rRNA genes, with subsequent grouping using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequencing. The antibiotics sensitivity profiles were investigated using the standard disk diffusion plate method and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of selected antibiotics on the bacterial isolates. A total of 254 bacterial strains were isolated, and majority of the isolates were identified as Acinetobacter sp., Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter sp. and Bacillus sp. A total of 218 (85.8%) of the bacterial isolates were multidrug resistant. High MICs values were observed for all antibiotics used in the study. The result showed that 31.7%, 21.7% and 43.3% of the bacterial isolates harbored sul1, sul2, and Intl1 genes, respectively. Pharmaceuticals wastewaters are potential reservoirs of ARBs which may harbor resistance genes with possible risk to public health.

Detection of Multidrug-Resistance Gram-Negative Bacteria from Hospital Sewage in North East, Nigeria

“…Furthermore, studies have been reported in similar environment that allow discharge of antibiotics waste into receiving water body, for instance occurrence of antibiotic resistant superbugs from pharmaceutical company which indicated heavy resistance burden in the isolates [31]. Though assessment of resistance profile of bacterial associated with hospital sewage source have been reported in Southern part of Nigeria [36,38,39], but there is little or no data available on the hospital sewage isolates and resistance status in Northern Nigeria.…”

Resistome in Lake Bolonha, Brazilian Amazon: Identification of Genes Related to Resistance to Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics

“…Antibiotic-resistant bacteria and ARGs have been reported in the environment, such as in soil (Cadena et al, 2018;Djenadi et al, 2018) and aquatic systems (Tacão et al, 2012;Li et al, 2018;Obayiuwana et al, 2018). Antibiotics and resistant bacteria are released into the environment through wastewater effluents and agricultural and livestock flows, altering natural ecosystems and microbial population dynamics, as well as introducing selective pressure that contributes to the diversity of the ARG pool.…”

“…Many opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms resistant to antibiotics can proliferate in the environment, such as Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Acinetobacter, and Burkholderia, carrying ARGs, some of which are encoded in mobile genetic elements (Wright, 2010). Thus, studies in aquatic environments seek to identify the prevalence of ARB and to correlate their presence with the horizontal transfer of ARGs (Osiñska et al, 2016b;Karkman et al, 2018;Obayiuwana et al, 2018).…”

Removal of antibiotics from wastewater and its problematic effects on microbial communities by bioelectrochemical Technology: Current knowledge and future perspectives

“…Several antibiotics and their metabolites were secreted continuously discharged into the natural environment. Moreover, from the veterinary, pharmaceutical plants, dairy plants, habitat, animal waste, animal husbandry, hospital waste, municipal waste, and poultry waste releases directly into the environment [35]. Antibiotics, known as monensin, promote animal growth and feed efficiency in dairy farms to achieve natural resources.…”