Characterization of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract effects on the rumen fungus Neocallimastix frontalis , EB 188. Part 1. Zoospore development and physiology

Abstract

Experiments were performed to determine the effect of Aspergillus oryzae (AO) fermentation extract on zoospore development in the rumen fungus Neocallimastix frontalis EB 188. Powdered product, or liquid extract prepared from such powder, was added at the recommended value for supplementation in dairy cattle. Stationary and stirred cultures were periodically sampled and assayed for extracellular and intracellular protein and enzymes, gas production, zoospore production and maturation, and carbon source utilization. Soluble extract increased fungal physiology when grown in stirred vessels or stationary cultures. Treated cultures produced higher levels of enzymes (nearly double). Mobile zoospores matured into germination entities more rapidly in treated cultures, and when powdered product was used, nearly 3 times more motile zoospores were produced at 56 h of fungal growth. Levels of the intracellular enzyme malate dehydrogenase increased by 6-fold in the presence of powdered product. Product wheat bran carrier used as soluble extract or powder had very little effect on fungal cultures. Medium cellulose was completely hydrolyzed in all cultures but this occurred earlier in those containing AO treatment.

Aerobic fungi in the rumen fluid from dairy cattle fed different sources of forage

“…The addition of the extract from Aspergillus oryzae, fungus used in the production of soy sauce, increased by three times the zoospores of Neocallimastix frontalis, cellulolytic fungus from the rumen of dairy cows. This result indicated the promising potential of adding extract of A. oryzae in the rumen environment (Schmidt et al, 2004). A live microbial environment of exogenous fungi A. orizae and Sacchariomyces cerevisae has been used as nutritional supplements in diets for animals, improving the productivity of ruminants in up to 8% (Martin & Nisbet, 1992;Wallace, 1994).…”

Effects of diet and Aspergillus oryzae extract or Saccharomyces cervisiae on growth and carcass characteristics of lambs and steers fed to meet requirements of natural markets1,2

“…The use of fungal-derived supplements may offer a natural alternative to feed grade antibiotics. These products have been shown to manipulate the rumen environment in many ways that may benefit the ruminant animal and lead to enhancements in production (Beharka and Nagaraja, 1993;Yoon and Stern, 1996;Schmidt et al, 2004). Amaferm has been reported to stimulate the growth rate of bacterial species that are capable of utilizing lactate and thus preventing the decline in rumen pH (Beharka and Nagaraja, 1998).…”