Characterization of antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer property and chemical composition of Piper betle L. leaf extract

Abstract

This study was carried out to characterize antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities of Piper betle leaf extract as well as its chemical composition. The main objective of the present study is to reveal the potential of P. betle leaf to be used as a medicinal drug. Antimicrobial property of P. betle leaf extract revealed by using two fold microdilution method whereas antioxidant activity of the extract was determined with α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. The anticancer property of the plant extract was revealed through Colorimetric MTT (tetrazolium) assay against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7). Chemical compounds of the plant extract were screening and identified by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The result of the present study showed that the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values of the plant extract against the tested bacterial isolates ranged from 7.81 to 31.25 mg/l in which the plant extract was found inhibited the growth of all the tested bacterial isolates namely A. hydrophila, E. tarda, E. coli, Flavobacterium sp., Klebsiella sp., P. aeruginosa, Salmonella sp., V. alginolyticus, V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus. The value IC50 of the plant extract against DPPH and MCF-7 cells was 4.41 ± 0.03 ppt and 19.4 ± 0.3 μg/ml, respectively. A total of 25 chemical compounds was successfully identified where Benzoic acid 40.44 % and Phytol 14.52 % were the major compounds.The findings of the present study indicated that the plant extract medicinal values are promising.