Characterization of aneurysmal transformation in perimembranous ventricular septal defects: an adhered anterior leaflet of tricuspid valve predisposes to the development of left ventricular-to-right atrial shunt

Ventricular Septal Defect With Secondary Left Ventricular–to–Right Atrial Shunt Is Associated With a Higher Risk for Infective Endocarditis and a Lower Late Chance of Closure

“…Because none of them had been operated on, it can be deduced only from our previous studies that the echocardiographic features of a single-sac aneurysmal transformation are produced by the attachment of septal leaflet along with some chordae of the tricuspid valve to the septal crest. 12 This is highly indicative that the commissure was only partially incompetent as a result of a relatively spared anterior leaflet from aneurysmal transformation. If the VSD had become smaller with tissue adhesion, then the LV-RA shunt also would have been obliterated.…”

“…[8][9][10][11] What we found, nevertheless, was that patients with perimembranous VSD also might have developed a left ventricular-to-right atrial (LV-RA) shunt after aneurysmal transformation of the VSD. 5,12 A secondary LV-RA shunt after the aneurysmal transformation of the VSD was suggested. An earlier study has also given credence to a close association between the aneurysmal transformation process and an LV-RA shunt in patients with perimembranous VSD.…”

A massive haemothorax as an unusual complication of infective endocarditis caused byStreptococcus sanguinis

“…12 Frequently, tricuspid valve involvement has been noted in patients with VSD. 15,16 Our patient with infective endocarditis of the tricuspid valve had a history of VSD, which had been diagnosed when he was 3-months old, and on admission, he met two major and two minor clinical criteria for a diagnosis of infective endocarditis according to Duke's criteria.…”

El defecto de Gerbode y traumatismo torácico cerrado. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura

“…Clínicamente, el paciente que es portador de una comunicación entre el ventrículo izquierdo y la aurícula derecha se presenta con síntomas de falla cardiaca congestiva y está documentado que la presencia de endocarditis bacteriana parece ser alta en comparación con los portadores de defecto septal ventricular ( 2,12,14,15 ). En el examen físico, es audible un soplo pansistólico, a menudo, asociado con un thrill palpable sobre el borde izquierdo del esternón.…”