Characterization of aerosol chemical properties from near-source biomass burning in the northern Indochina during 7-SEAS/Dongsha experiment

Chuang, Ming-Tung; Chou, Charles C.‐K.; Sopajaree, Khajornsak; Lin, Neng Huei; Wang, Jia Lin; Sheu, Guey Rong; Chang, You Jia; Lee, Chung Te

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.06.056

Cited by 86 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Due to the partial overlapping of variation ranges of sulfate (0.953-7.16 µg m -3 ) and ammonium (0.123-1.88 µg m -3 ) concentrations between the samples in Periods II and III, it is difficult to use these compounds as indicators for Indonesian peatland fires in light haze days. Potassium is a tracer for biomass burning in general (Chuang et al, 2013), however, there were no significant differences in potassium concentrations between haze and non-haze samples. Fujii et al (2015) reported that potassium derived from Indonesian peatland fires should not be used as a source indicator unlike many other biomass burning sources due to the extremely low potassium fraction (0.0423 ± 0.0400 weight% of PM 2.5 ) at the source, which is consistent with our results.…”

Section: Oc and Ecmentioning

confidence: 81%

A Key Indicator of Transboundary Particulate Matter Pollution Derived from Indonesian Peatland Fires in Malaysia

Fujii

Mahmud

Oda

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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We characterized ambient total suspended particulates (TSP) based on ground-based samplings in Malaysia during nonhaze days and haze ones affected by Indonesian peatland fires. Furthermore, a key indicator of Indonesian peatland fire was determined based on chemical characterization of TSP in Malaysia. TSP samples were chemically analyzed to determine organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), inorganic ions, and biomarkers (solvent-extractable organic compounds derived from biomass burning). Regarding OC and EC, concentrations of OC1 and OP (pyrolyzed OC) defined by IMPROVE_A protocol increased remarkably during the haze episodes. On the contrary, there were no significant differences in concentrations of OC4, EC, and EC fractions between the haze and non-haze samples. Regarding inorganic ions, sulfate and ammonium concentrations increased in strong haze days, however, it is difficult to use these compounds as indicators for Indonesian peatland fires in light haze days due to the partial overlapping of the variation ranges of sulfate and ammonium concentrations in non-haze days. Concentrations of many biomarkers derived from cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin pyrolysis products were significantly increased during strong haze days but not during light haze days except p-hydroxybenzoic acid. We proposed the OP to OC4 ratio as a potential indicator of transboundary haze pollution from Indonesian peatland fires at the receptor sites even in light haze.

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Section: Oc and Ecmentioning

confidence: 81%

A Key Indicator of Transboundary Particulate Matter Pollution Derived from Indonesian Peatland Fires in Malaysia

Fujii

Mahmud

Oda

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Potassium has been used as an indicator of biomass burning, both on its own and in concert with levoglucosan (Simoneit et al, 1999;Sullivan et al, 2008;Chuang et al, 2013;Gao et al, 2003). From peat smoldering fires, extremely low potassium emissions (0.03% of PM mass) were observed, at concentrations too low to be a useful indicator species as described by Sullivan et al (2014) and Fujii et 15 al.…”

Section: Water-soluble Inorganic Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characterization of fine particulate matter emitted by peat fires in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, during the 2015 El Niño

Stockwell¹,

Gilbert²,

Daugherty³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) was collected in situ from peat smoke during the 2015 El Niño peat fire episode in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Twenty-one PM samples were collected from 18 peat fire plumes that were primarily smoldering with modified combustion efficiency (MCE) values of 0.725-0.833. PM emissions were determined and chemically characterized for elemental carbon (EC), 20 organic carbon (OC), water-soluble OC, water-soluble ions, metals, and organic species. Fuel-based PM 2.5 mass emission factors (EF) ranged from 6.0 -29.6 g kg -1 with an average of 17.3±6.0 g kg -1 . EC was detected only in 15 plumes and comprised ~1% of PM mass. Together, OC (72 %), EC (1 %), water-soluble ions (1 %) and metal oxides (0.1 %) comprised 74±11 % of gravimetrically-measured PM mass. Assuming that the remaining mass is due to elements that form organic matter (OM; i.e. elements 25O, H, N) an OM to OC conversion factor of 1.26 was estimated by linear regression. Overall, chemical speciation revealed the following characteristics of peat burning emissions: high OC mass fractions (72 %), primarily water-insoluble OC (84±11 %C), low EC mass fractions (1 %), vanillic to syringic acid ratios of 1.9, and relatively high n-alkane contributions to OC (6.2 %C) with a carbon preference index of 1.2-1.6. Comparison to laboratory studies of peat combustion revealed similarities in the relative 30 composition of PM, but greater differences in the absolute EF values. The EF developed herein, combined with estimates of the mass of peat burned, are used to estimate that 3.2 -11 Tg of PM 2.5 was emitted to atmosphere during the 2015 El Niño peatland fire event in Indonesia. Combined with gasphase measurements of CO 2 , CO, CH 4 and VOC from Stockwell et al. (2016), it is determined that OC and EC account for 2.1 % and 0.04 % of total carbon emissions, respectively. These in situ EFs can be 35 used to improve the accuracy of the representation of Indonesian peat burning in emission inventories and receptor-based models.Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi

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“…Potassium has been used as an indicator of biomass burning, both on its own and in concert with levoglucosan Sullivan et al, 2008;Chuang et al, 2013;Gao et al, 2003). From peat smoldering fires, extremely low potassium emissions (0.03 % of PM mass) were observed, at concentrations too low to be a useful indicator species, as described by Sullivan et al (2014) and Fujii et al (2015a).…”

Section: Water-soluble Inorganic Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characterization of fine particulate matter emitted by peat fires in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, during the 2015 El Niño

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) was collected in situ from peat smoke during the 2015 El Niño peat fire episode in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Twenty-one PM samples were collected from 18 peat fire plumes that were primarily smoldering with modified combustion efficiency (MCE) values of 0.725-0.833. PM emissions were determined and chemically characterized for elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), water-soluble OC, water-soluble ions, metals, and organic species. Fuel-based PM 2.5 mass emission factors (EFs) ranged from 6.0 to 29.6 g kg −1 with an average of 17.3 ± 6.0 g kg −1 . EC was detected only in 15 plumes and comprised ∼ 1 % of PM mass. Together, OC (72 %), EC (1 %), water-soluble ions (1 %), and metal oxides (0.1 %) comprised 74 ± 11 % of gravimetrically measured PM mass. Assuming that the remaining mass is due to elements that form organic matter (OM; i.e., elements O, H, N) an OM-to-OC conversion factor of 1.26 was estimated by linear regression. Overall, chemical speciation revealed the following characteristics of peat-burning emissions: high OC mass fractions (72 %), primarily water-insoluble OC (84 ± 11 %C), low EC mass fractions (1 %), vanillic to syringic acid ratios of 1.9, and relatively high n-alkane contributions to OC (6.2 %C) with a carbon preference index of 1.2-1.6. Comparison to laboratory studies of peat combustion revealed similarities in the relative composition of PM but greater differences in the absolute EF values. The EFs developed herein, combined with estimates of the mass of peat burned, are used to estimate that 3.2-11 Tg of PM 2.5 was emitted to atmosphere during the 2015 El Niño peatland fire event in Indonesia. Combined with gas-phase measurements of CO 2 , CO, CH 4 , and volatile organic carbon from Stockwell et al. (2016), it is determined that OC and EC accounted for 2.1 and 0.04 % of total carbon emissions, respectively. These in situ EFs can be used to improve the accuracy of the representation of Indonesian peat burning in emission inventories and receptor-based models.

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Characterization of aerosol chemical properties from near-source biomass burning in the northern Indochina during 7-SEAS/Dongsha experiment

Cited by 86 publications

References 72 publications

A Key Indicator of Transboundary Particulate Matter Pollution Derived from Indonesian Peatland Fires in Malaysia

A Key Indicator of Transboundary Particulate Matter Pollution Derived from Indonesian Peatland Fires in Malaysia

Chemical characterization of fine particulate matter emitted by peat fires in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, during the 2015 El Niño

Chemical characterization of fine particulate matter emitted by peat fires in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, during the 2015 El Niño

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