Characterization of activated carbon produced from urban organic waste

Abstract

The difficulties to decompose organic waste can be handled naturally by pyrolisis so it can decomposes quickly that produces charcoal as the product. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of activated carbon from urban organic waste. Charcoal results of pyrolysis of organic waste activated with KOH 1.0 M at a temperature of 700 and 800 o C for 60 to 120 minutes. Characteristics of activated carbon were identified by Furrier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). However, their quality is determined yield, moisture content, ash, fly substances, fixed carbon, and the power of adsorption of iodine and benzene. The identified functional groups on activated carbon, such as OH (3448,5-3436,9 cm -1 ), and C=O (1639,4 cm -1 ). In general, the degree and distance between the layers of active carbon crystallites produced activation in all treatments showed no significant difference. The pattern of activated carbon surface topography structure shows that the greater the pore formation in accordance with the temperature increase the more activation time needed. The yield of activated carbon obtained ranged from 72.04 to 82.75%. The results of characterization properties of activated carbon was obtained from 1.11 to 5.41% water, 13.68 to 17.27% substance fly, 20.36 to 26.59% ash, and 56.14 to 62.31% of fixed carbon . Absorption of activated carbon was good enough at 800 o C and 120 minutes of activation time, that was equal to 409.52 mg/g of iodine and 14.03% of benzene. Activated carbon produced has less good quality, because only the water content and flying substances that meet the standards.

Characterization of Rubber Shell Liquid Smoke at Various Pyrolysis Temperatures and the Application to Latex Coagulant

“…According to [9], liquid smoke from palm oil shells contained 27 components and empty fruit bunches of 13 components, with the highest concentration of chemical components, were acetic acid and phenol. According to [10], the process of wood chemical decomposition at pyrolysis process happens gradually as follows at temperature range 100-150°C the only thing that happened is the evaporation of water molecules, at temperature 200-240°C, the decomposition of hemicellulose and cellulose become pyrolignate solution (organic acid with low boiling point such as; acetic acid, formiat, methanol, wood gas, wood gas (CO dan CO2), and a few of ter). At temperature 240-400°C, depolymerization and bond breaking between C-O and C-C occurred.…”

Studi Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Asam Posfat (H3PO4) dan Waktu Perendaman Karbon terhadap Karakteristik Karbon Aktif dari Kulit Durian

“…Hal ini karena kotoran yang ditemukan pada permukaan arang telah hilang selama proses aktivasi. [19], [20].…”

Technology of Carbon : Effect of Activation Temperature on Characterization the Ultimate and Proximate Activated Carbon of Palm Bunches (Arenga Pinnata (Wurmb). Merr)

“…High and low levels of bound carbon produced are not only influenced by high levels of ash and flying matter but also influenced by the content of cellulose and lignin, which can be converted to carbon atoms [25]. Bound carbon of activated carbon strongly influenced by raw materials (charcoal), if the charcoal contains high bound carbon, then naturally the pure activated carbon content in activated carbon is high and vice versa, but several other factors influence the pure activated carbon, including the way of activation, activation temperature, cellulose and lignin content in the activated carbon raw material.…”