Characterization of acid-leaching cocoa pod husk (CPH) and its resulting activated carbon

Tsai, Wen‐Tien; Huang, Po‐Cheng

doi:10.1007/s13399-018-0302-1

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Therefore, its calorific value was up to 18.4 MJ/kg-dry. The data in Table 1 were very close to those in the previous studies [25,26] and other reports [27][28][29]. On the other hand, the contents of inorganic elements in the biochar precursor (i.e., DM) will be important for various reasons, including soil fertility and contamination when reusing it (or resulting biochar) as an organic fertilizer, and slagging and fouling as it was burned in boilers.…”

Section: Thermochemical Characterization Of Dairy Manure (Dm)supporting

confidence: 86%

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Characterization of Biochars Produced from Dairy Manure at High Pyrolysis Temperatures

2019

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In this work, the thermochemical analyses of dairy manure (DM), including the proximate analysis, ultimate (elemental) analysis, calorific value, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and inorganic elements, were studied to evaluate its potential for producing DM-based char (DMC) with high porosity. The results showed that the biomass should be an available precursor for producing biochar materials based on its high contents of carbon (42.63%) and volatile matter (79.55%). In order to characterize their pore properties, the DMC products produced at high pyrolysis temperatures (500–900°C) were analyzed using surface area and porosity analyzer, pycnometer, and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The values of pore properties for the DMC products increased with an increase in pyrolysis temperature, leading to more pore development and condensed aromatic cluster at elevated temperatures. Because of the microporous and mesoporous structures from the N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms with the hysteresis loops (H4 type), the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of the optimal biochar (DMC-900) was about 360 m2/g, which was higher than the data reported in the literature. The highly porous structure was also seen from the SEM observations. More significantly, the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the optimal DMC product showed a high value of 57.5 ± 16.1 cmol/kg. Based on the excellent pore and chemical properties, the DMC product could be used as an effective amendment and/or adsorbent for the removal of pollutants from the soil media and/or fluid streams.

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Section: Thermochemical Characterization Of Dairy Manure (Dm)supporting

confidence: 86%

“…: AccuPyc 1340; Micromeritics Co., Norcross, GA, USA), respectively. More details about the analytical conditions were determined previously [25,26]. On the other hand, the microstructural textures and elemental compositions on the surface of DM and DMC were measured by using a scanning electron microscopy (Model No.…”

Section: Characterization Of Dmcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Biochars Produced from Dairy Manure at High Pyrolysis Temperatures

2019

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“…Carbonisation and activation involve physical/thermal processing. In a recent study, CPH was heat dried at 500 o C with a N 2 flow (carbonisation), followed by applying a CO 2 flow at 650-850 o C for 30 min (activation) [34]. This process yielded 18-38% (w/w) of activated carbon with a surface area of 1.1 m 2 /g.…”

Section: Activated Carbon 34mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…significantly reduced the ash content of the CPH, resulting in the production of activated carbon with higher surface area (356 m 2 /g) using lower temperatures (650 o C vs 900 o C) [34].…”

Section: Activated Carbon 34mentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorisation strategies for cocoa pod husk and its fractions

Lü

Rodríguez-García

Damme

et al. 2018

Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry

115

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Cocoa pod husk (CPH) is the main by-product (ca. 70-75% weight of whole fruit) of the cocoa harvest, an important and economic crop in developing countries. It is a rich source of minerals (particularly potassium), fibre (including lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin) and antioxidants (e.g. phenolic acids). An existing practise is the return of CPH to soil with potential benefits (or disadvantages) for cocoa productivity and soil sustainability that have not been fully characterised. Currently, alternative low-value applications of CPH include its use as animal feed, as a starting material for soap making and activated carbon. Other biotechnological valorisation potentials for CPH and its fractions include the production of bio-fuels and their incorporation in food systems. Physical, chemical or biological pretreatment approaches are needed in order to achieve desirable fractions in a cost-effective and sustainable manner for novel applications in food and non-food sectors.

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“…In general, 10 tonnes of CPH are yielded in the production of 1 tonne of dry beans (Pua et al 2013). Based on its lignocellulosic content (Tsai and Huang 2018) and its abundant quantity, CPH appears to be an excellent precursor of activated carbon (AC). In fact, CHP, which is abundantly produced in certain African and Asian countries, has been tested as a precursor of AC to give it added value and avoid serious environmental problems linked to its presence in production fields.…”

Section: Activated Carbon Precursormentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocoa pod husks as potential sources of renewable high-value-added products: A review of current valorizations and future prospects

Ouattara

Kouassi

Soro

et al. 2020

BioRes

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Cocoa is among the most cultivated and important tropical crops in the world, and it is economically viable in the agro-pastoral systems of tropical Africa. Further, the amount of cocoa residue is steadily increasing due to the strong worldwide demand for chocolate products. This review of cocoa residue found that an average of 18 publications per year were published in the last 10 years. The most common type of publication on cocoa pod husks (CPH) was newspaper articles, which comprised 50% of the publications. This review examines the use of CHP in sustainable development, agrochemical materials, and agro-materials through their potential valorizations into high value-added products. Indeed, CPH is an abundant, accessible, and renewable resource of bioproducts, dietary fibers, nutraceuticals, functional foods, pectin, antioxidant compounds, theobromine, and minerals. Potential food applications of CPH include the production of flavor compounds, gums, texturing agents, and others. The production of biomaterials for food and non-food use, biofuels, and organic acids, such as lactic acid (the polymerization of which produces the PLA used in bioplastic production), are several potential areas for the biotechnological development of CPH and its fractions.

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Characterization of acid-leaching cocoa pod husk (CPH) and its resulting activated carbon

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

Characterization of Biochars Produced from Dairy Manure at High Pyrolysis Temperatures

Characterization of Biochars Produced from Dairy Manure at High Pyrolysis Temperatures

Valorisation strategies for cocoa pod husk and its fractions

Cocoa pod husks as potential sources of renewable high-value-added products: A review of current valorizations and future prospects

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