Characterization of a recombinant soluble form of human placental leucine aminopeptidase/oxytocinase expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells

Matsumoto, Hideko; Rogi, Tomohiro; Yamashiro, Kyoko; Kodama, Shiho; Tsuruoka, Nobuo; Hattori, Akira; Takio, Koji; Mizutani, Shigehiko; Tsujimoto, Masafumi

doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.00949.x

Cited by 103 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In addition, Q181D ERAP1, which showed different substrate specificity from the wild-type enzyme and cleaved basic amino acids preferentially, also had only a marginal effect (16); thus, the enzymatic activity of wild-type ERAP1 is required for the enhancement of phagocytosis. We then examined the effects of other M1 aminopeptidases, such as placental leucine aminopeptidase (P-LAP)/insulin-regulated aminopeptidase/oxytocinase, laeverin/aminopeptidase Q (APQ), and aminopeptidase A (APA), on the uptake of IgG-coated latex beads (17)(18)(19). Because these three enzymes are membrane-bound proteins, we prepared recombinant soluble forms for this purpose.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secretion of Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 Is Involved in the Activation of Macrophages Induced by Lipopolysaccharide and Interferon-γ

Goto

Ogawa

Hattori

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) is a multifunctional enzyme with an important role in processing antigenic peptides presented to class I major histocompatibility complex in the endoplasmic reticulum. In this study, we found that endoplasmic reticulum-retained ERAP1 was secreted from macrophages in response to activation by treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-␥ and enhanced their phagocytic activity. Enhancement of the phagocytic activity of murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS/ IFN-␥ was inhibited by a potent aminopeptidase inhibitor, amastatin. The addition of recombinant wild-type but not inactive mutant ERAP1 to culture medium enhanced phagocytosis. These results suggest that enhancement of phagocytic activity is at least in part mediated by secreted ERAP1 through the generation of active peptides processed by the enzyme. Our data reveal ERAP1-mediated activation of macrophages for the first time and will provide new insights into the role of this enzyme in innate immunity.It is well known that endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) is a multifunctional enzyme belonging to the M1 family of aminopeptidases with roles in the regulation of blood pressure, angiogenesis, ectodomain shedding of several cytokine receptors, and processing of antigenic peptides presented to MHC class I molecules (1-4). Its cDNA was initially cloned as adipocyte-derived leucine aminopeptidase (5). Based on its multifunctional properties, adipocyte-derived leucine aminopeptidase is also designated ERAP1, ERAAP (endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase associated with antigen presentation), PILSAP (puromycin-insensitive leucine-specific aminopeptidase), and ARTS-1 (aminopeptidase regulator of TNFR1 shedding) (6 -9) (in this paper, ERAP1 is used hereafter). Although it is evident that ERAP1 plays important roles in several pathophysiological processes, its subcellular localization is still under debate. Although several reports have presented evidence showing its localization in the ER (6, 7) or cytoplasm (10) as a soluble protein, others have shown it on the cell surface as a type II membrane-spanning protein (9).ERAP1 is a monomeric zinc-metallopeptidase that shows a preference for leucine when measured by synthetic substrates (5). On the other hand, it shows relatively broad substrate specificity toward natural peptide hormones, such as angiotensin II, kallidin, and neurokinin A, which may reflect its role in the processing of various precursors of antigenic peptides presented to MHC class I molecules (11). On the basis of a preference for substrates of a specific length and C-terminal hydrophobic amino acid, the "molecular ruler" mechanism was proposed for the processing of antigenic peptides by the enzyme (12).Because ERAP1 inactivates angiotensin II and converts kallidin to bradykinin, it was initially speculated that it might regulate blood pressure (11). Subsequently, by screening for polymorphisms in the human ERAP1 gene, Yamamoto et al. (13) identified an association of K5...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secretion of Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 Is Involved in the Activation of Macrophages Induced by Lipopolysaccharide and Interferon-γ

Goto

Ogawa

Hattori

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…4,26) In addition, P-LAP is able to hydrolyze AngIII. 4) Contrary to the previous belief that P-LAP is limited to placenta, northern blot analysis 27) and immunohistochemistry 28) have shown that P-LAP has a broad tissue distribution other than placenta.…”

Section: Placental Leucine Aminopeptidase (P-lap)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Aminopeptidases in the Blood Pressure Regulation

Mitsui

Nomura

Itakura

et al. 2004

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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In addition to the neural and autoregulatory factors, blood pressure (BP) is regulated by humoral factors including vasoactive peptides. When evaluating the peptide actions, degradation by proteases should be also considered in addition to the generation of peptides and their receptors. This review describes the roles of aminopeptidase A, placental leucine aminopeptidase and kininase I, which are enzymes responsible for hydrolyzing angiotensin II (AngII), vasopressin (AVP) and bradykinin (BK), respectively, in BP regulation. Especially, we focus on the association of the proteases with preeclampsia, hypertensive disorder peculiar to pregnancy, since one of the representative organs that are rich in theses proteases is placenta. Although the physiological roles of the placental proteases have not been fully understood, several lines of evidence suggest that the proteases are involved in the maintenance of pregnancy homeostasis including fetal and maternal BP regulation through the metabolism of bioactive peptides at the interface between mother and fetus.

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“…Briefly, to express the enzyme as a soluble protein, the coding sequences for the cytosolic and transmembrane region of the enzyme (Met 1 -Gln 64 ) were replaced with that for human trypsin II signal peptide (i.e. MNLLLILTFVAAVAA) (21). Hexahistidine tag was added at its C-terminal end.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histidine 379 of Human Laeverin/Aminopeptidase Q, a Nonconserved Residue within the Exopeptidase Motif, Defines Its Distinctive Enzymatic Properties

Maruyama

Arisaka

Goto

et al. 2009

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Human laeverin/aminopeptidase Q (LVRN/APQ) is a novel member of the M1 family of zinc aminopeptidases and is specifically expressed on the cell surface of human extravillous trophoblasts. Multiple sequence alignment of human M1 aminopeptidase revealed that the first Gly residue within the conserved exopeptidase motif of the M1 family, GXMEN motif, is uniquely substituted for His in human LVRN/APQ. In this study, we evaluated the roles of nonconserved His 379 , comprising the exopeptidase motif in the enzymatic properties of human LVRN/APQ. We revealed that the substitution of His 379 with Gly caused significant changes in substrate specificity both toward fluorogenic substrates and natural peptide hormones. In addition, the susceptibilities of bestatin, a sensitive inhibitor for human LVRN/ APQ, and natural inhibitory peptides were decreased in the H379G mutant. A molecular model suggested a conformational difference between wild-type and H379G human LVRN/APQs. These results indicate that His 379 of the enzyme plays essential roles in its distinctive enzymatic properties and contributes to maintaining the appropriate structure of the catalytic cavity of the enzyme. Our data may bring new insight into the biological significance of the unique exopeptidase motif of LVRN/APQ obtained during the evolution of primates.The M1 family of mono-zinc aminopeptidases is widely distributed in bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals (1, 2). They hydrolyze peptide bonds linking to the N-terminal amino acids of peptide or protein substrates. The human M1 family consists of 11 enzymes that participate in many important physiological events, such as reproduction (3), angiogenesis (4 -6), antigen presentation (7-10), blood pressure control (11-13), and memory retention (14), and thus play essential roles in the maintenance of homeostasis.M1 aminopeptidases share two conserved domains: HEXXH(X) 18 E gluzincin motif and the exopeptidase motif, which is conserved as a GAMEN sequence in most members. The function of each conserved residue within these motifs has been elucidated using site-directed mutagenesis. For instance, two His residues and the second Glu within the HEXXH(X) 18 E motif coordinate the zinc atom essential for catalytic activity. The first Glu in the motif polarizes to the water molecule that coordinates the zinc atom and promotes nucleophilic attack of the carbonyl carbon of the peptide bond forming a tetrahedral intermediate in water (15). The conserved Glu within the exopeptidase motif, the GAMEN sequence, was shown to be involved in recognition of the ␣-amino group of substrates (16,17).Laeverin (LVRN) 4 was originally identified as a cell-surface protein specifically expressed on human extravillous trophoblasts (18). The cDNA cloning of human LVRN revealed that it contains both consensus motifs and is a novel member of the family. Another group predicted the existence of the LVRN gene in the human genome through a genomic search and named it aminopeptidase Q (APQ) (19); however, its exopeptidase motif is uniquely c...

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Characterization of a recombinant soluble form of human placental leucine aminopeptidase/oxytocinase expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells

Cited by 103 publications

References 29 publications

Secretion of Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 Is Involved in the Activation of Macrophages Induced by Lipopolysaccharide and Interferon-γ

Secretion of Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 Is Involved in the Activation of Macrophages Induced by Lipopolysaccharide and Interferon-γ

Role of Aminopeptidases in the Blood Pressure Regulation

Histidine 379 of Human Laeverin/Aminopeptidase Q, a Nonconserved Residue within the Exopeptidase Motif, Defines Its Distinctive Enzymatic Properties

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