Characterization of a polysaccharide from Sanghuangporus vaninii and its antitumor regulation via activation of the p53 signaling pathway in breast cancer MCF-7 cells

Insights on preparation, structure and activities of Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide

“…Some researches described the anti-tumor regulation of polysaccharide via activation of the p53 signaling pathway, including p53/Bax/caspase-9/caspase-3/PARP (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase) and p53/caspase-8/Bcl-2 signaling pathway. As was reported, p53 is an important tumor suppressor that can regulate cell growth and death and activate downstream target factors to inhibit the growth of tumor cells ( Wan et al, 2020 ). Caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, the key proteases of cell apoptosis, play an important role in the cell inhibition mechanism and have the ability to destroy the tumor cells.…”

“…Therefore, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 protein reflects the inhibition rate of apoptosis ( Kirkin, Joos, & Zornig, 2004 ). The expression of genes and proteins of p53, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 were observably up-regulated or down-regulated after treated by polysaccharide, thus showing a distinct effect on apoptosis, metastasis, and invasion of tumor cells ( Wan et al, 2020 ).…”

Exploration of Alternative Splicing (AS) Events in MDV-Infected Chicken Spleens

“…We found that GO terms enriched in TS vs. NS were similar to that in TS vs. SS, but there was a few DE AS and enriched GO terms in NS vs. SS. KEGG pathway showed that pathways involved in various diseases were also enriched, such as ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis was related to Parkinson’s disease [ 72 ], clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) [ 73 ], regulation of autophagy, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway mediated the initial innate immune response to cellular injury and stress [ 74 ], p53 signaling pathway [ 75 , 76 ]. The previous study showed that MDV activated PI3K/Akt signaling through the interaction of its meq protein with the regulatory p85 subunit of PI3K to promote viral replication [ 77 ].…”

Current advances and potential trends of the polysaccharides derived from medicinal mushrooms sanghuang

“…For heteropolysaccharides consisting of a series of monosaccharides mainly embracing Glc, GlcA, Gal, GalA, Ara, Fuc, Fru, Man, Rha, and Xyl, their structures and chemical properties could be affected by the different types and sequences of monosaccharides and glycosidic bonds (Lo et al, 2011 ; Ren et al, 2019 ). Confirmation of monosaccharide composition normally involves the liberation of monosaccharides through hydrolysis and derivatization (Zhang et al, 2020 ; Liu et al, 2021 ), then subsequent measurement of the liberated monosaccharides via various detection techniques, including capillary electrophoresis (Baker et al, 2008 ), TLC (Liu and Wang, 2007 ), HPLC (Kim G. Y. et al, 2006 ; Wan et al, 2020 ), GC (Luo et al, 2010 ; Pei et al, 2015 ), GC-MS (Yang et al, 2007 ; Suabjakyong et al, 2015 ), HPAEC (Yang et al, 2009 ; Wu et al, 2013 ; Jin et al, 2016 ), etc. A neutral polysaccharide was isolated and purified from the cultured mycelia of S. sanghuang by DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-100 columns (Cheng et al, 2020b ).…”

“…People are urgent to find more alternative active ingredients in our daily food and health care products, and sanghuang polysaccharides are in line with this (Aida et al, 2009 ; Yang M. Y. et al, 2019 ; Li N. Y. et al, 2021 ; Martinez-Medina et al, 2021 ; Yadav and Negi, 2021 ). Innumerable works, in vitro and in vivo , have been implemented to substantiate that the sanghuang polysaccharides have multiple biological activities and health benefits, such as antioxidant and anti-aging (Wang et al, 2014a ; Yuan et al, 2018 ; Zuo et al, 2021 ), anti-tumor and immunomodulatory (Chen et al, 2011 ; Liu et al, 2018 ; Wan et al, 2020 ), anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive (Li et al, 2015 ; Wang et al, 2019 ; Sun et al, 2021 ), anti-diabetic (Kim et al, 2010 ; Wu et al, 2016 ; Khursheed et al, 2020 ), anti-microbial (Lee S. M. et al, 2010 ; Reis et al, 2014 ), anti-fatigue (Zhong, 2020 ), hepatoprotective (Liu et al, 2019b ; Zhang et al, 2019 ; Chen C. et al, 2020 ), neuroprotective (Liu Y. H. et al, 2015 ; Yang P. et al, 2019 ) activities, etc. Even though the bioactivities of sanghuang polysaccharides are intensively mined, scientific research focusing on deciphering the structure-bioactivity relationships and underlying mechanisms is still relatively insufficient.…”