Current advances and potential trends of the polysaccharides derived from medicinal mushrooms sanghuang

Abstract

For thousands of years, sanghuang is distinctive as a general designation for a group of precious and rare Chinese medicinal mushrooms. Numerous investigations have revealed that polysaccharide is one of the important biological active ingredients of sanghuang with various excellent biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, and anti-microbial functionalities. For the past two decades, preparation, structural characterization, and reliable bioactivities of the polysaccharides from fruiting bodies, cultured mycelia, and fermentation broth of sanghuang have been arousing extensive interest, and particularly, different strains, sources, and isolation protocols might result in obvious discrepancies in structural features and bioactivities. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent reports on preparation strategies, structural features, bioactivities, and structure-activity relationships of sanghuang polysaccharides, which will enrich the knowledge on the values of natural sanghuang polysaccharides and support their further development and utilization as therapeutic agents, vaccines, and functional foods in tonic and clinical treatment.

Novel Insights into the Mechanism Underlying High Polysaccharide Yield in Submerged Culture of Ganoderma lucidum Revealed by Transcriptome and Proteome Analyses

“…Our results suggested that the genes and proteins in the nucleoside sugar biosynthetic pathway were not highly expressed at either the mRNA or protein levels in the high polysaccharide yield strains. In addition to polysaccharides, nucleoside sugars can also be used to synthesize other compounds such as N-glycans, O-glycans, lipopolysaccharides, saponin, and other glycosides in mushrooms [ 1 , 44 ]. Overall, the role of the genes and proteins in the nucleoside sugar biosynthetic pathway is difficult to investigate for polysaccharide synthesis.…”

Eucommia Polysaccharides Ameliorate Aging-Associated Gut Dysbiosis: A Potential Mechanism for Life Extension in Drosophila

“…Keap1–Nrf2 pathways are responsible for regulating many antioxidant genes that sustain cellular homeostasis in response to oxidative stress [ 26 ]. Increasing evidence suggests that polysaccharides show strong antioxidant effects due to broad polarities, complex structures, and large molecular weights [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. In previous pharmacological experiments, EPs have been shown to have immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities [ 10 , 11 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Preparation, Structural Characterisation, and Bioactivities of Fructans: A Review

“…Fructans have a high MW due to the multiple fructose units forming polymers with a linear or branched-chain structure. A dialysis membrane or ultrafiltration can be employed to remove low-MW substances [ 32 ]. Luiz-Santos et al [ 33 ] used polymeric membranes with different MW cut-offs at a pilot industrial scale for fractionation of agave fructans.…”