Characterization of a novel GH10 thermostable, halophilic xylanase from the marine bacterium Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum NTOU1

Hung, Kuo‐Sheng; Liu, Shiu‐Mei; Tzou, Wen-Shyong; Lin, Fu-Pang; Pan, Chorng-Liang; Fang, Tsuei‐Yun; Sun, Kien-Wen; Tang, Shye‐Jye

doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2011.02.009

Cited by 75 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The growth temperature of Thermoanaerobacterium species is typically 45 to 72°C (65), and many Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum strains are able to digest cellulose or hemicellulose (66,67). The other abundant OTU specific to the 55°C cellulose culture was of the genus Ethanoligenens (548689) from the family Ruminococcaceae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Enrichment on Cellulose or Xylan Causes Functional and Taxonomic Convergence of Microbial Communities from Anaerobic Digesters

Jia

Wilkins

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Cellulose and xylan are two major components of lignocellulosic biomass, which represents a potentially important energy source, as it is abundant and can be converted to methane by microbial action. However, it is recalcitrant to hydrolysis, and the establishment of a complete anaerobic digestion system requires a specific repertoire of microbial functions. In this study, we maintained 2-year enrichment cultures of anaerobic digestion sludge amended with cellulose or xylan to investigate whether a cellulose-or xylan-digesting microbial system could be assembled from sludge previously used to treat neither of them. While efficient methane-producing communities developed under mesophilic (35°C) incubation, they did not under thermophilic (55°C) conditions. Illumina amplicon sequencing results of the archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA genes revealed that the mature cultures were much lower in richness than the inocula and were dominated by single archaeal (genus Methanobacterium) and bacterial (order Clostridiales) groups, although at finer taxonomic levels the bacteria were differentiated by substrates. Methanogenesis was primarily via the hydrogenotrophic pathway under all conditions, although the identity and growth requirements of syntrophic acetate-oxidizing bacteria were unclear. Incubation conditions (substrate and temperature) had a much greater effect than inoculum source in shaping the mature microbial community, although analysis based on unweighted UniFrac distance found that the inoculum still determined the pool from which microbes could be enriched. Overall, this study confirmed that anaerobic digestion sludge treating nonlignocellulosic material is a potential source of microbial cellulose-and xylan-digesting functions given appropriate enrichment conditions. C ellulose and xylan, two major structural components of plant cell walls, represent important resources for renewable energy (1-3). Cellulose, hemicellulose (the major component is xylan), and lignin make up 35 to 50%, 20 to 35%, and 10 to 25% of total lignocellulose by dry weight, respectively (4). Cellulose and xylan from lignocellulosic biomass not only represent new energy sources but also could reduce carbon dioxide emissions, as lignocellulosic biofuels are considered carbon neutral. However, digesting recalcitrant lignocellulosic components to fermentable sugars is a rate-limiting step (5), making lignocellulosic biofuels currently challenging to produce while being price competitive with fossil fuels (6, 7). Microbes have evolved strategies (8, 9) to digest lignocellulosic components concurrent with the evolution of plant cell walls, making the investigation of microbial cellulose and xylan digestion potentially important to this emerging energy source.Metagenomic and microbial diversity studies of ruminant animals (e.g., cow [10], sheep [11], and deer [12]) have revealed rich taxonomic and functional microbial diversity, including mechanisms for cellulose and xylan digestion. Microbial cellulose and xylan digestion systems have been ide...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Enrichment on Cellulose or Xylan Causes Functional and Taxonomic Convergence of Microbial Communities from Anaerobic Digesters

Jia

Wilkins

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Interest in xylanolytic enzymes has increased recently [240] because of their applications in the bleaching of paper pulp [243], the clarification of fruit juices, the processing of animal food to increase digestibility [220], the improvement of bread quality [244,245], and the production of bioethanol and biodiesel from biomass [246].…”

Section: Lipases and Esterasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematics of haloarchaea and biotechnological potential of their hydrolytic enzymes

et al. 2017

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Halophilic archaea, also referred to as haloarchaea, dominate hypersaline environments. To survive under such extreme conditions, haloarchaea and their enzymes have evolved to function optimally in environments with high salt concentrations and, sometimes, with extreme pH and temperatures. These features make haloarchaea attractive sources of a wide variety of biotechnological products, such as hydrolytic enzymes, with numerous potential applications in biotechnology. The unique trait of haloarchaeal enzymes, haloenzymes, to sustain activity under hypersaline conditions has extended the range of already-available biocatalysts and industrial processes in which high salt concentrations inhibit the activity of regular enzymes. In addition to their halostable properties, haloenzymes can also withstand other conditions such as extreme pH and temperature. In spite of these benefits, the industrial potential of these natural catalysts remains largely unexplored, with only a few characterized extracellular hydrolases. Because of the applied impact of haloarchaea and their specific ability to live in the presence of high salt concentrations, studies on their systematics have intensified in recent years, identifying many new genera and species. This review summarizes the current status of the haloarchaeal genera and species, and discusses the properties of haloenzymes and their potential industrial applications. SYSTEMATICS OF HALOPHILIC ARCHAEAHalophilic micro-organisms are found in the three domains of life, and are extremophiles living in hypersaline environments in the presence of salt (generally NaCl) as a specific requisite for their growth [1]. Hypersaline environments contain higher salt concentrations than seawater (3.5 % total dissolved salts) [2]. According to the optimum NaCl concentration for growth, micro-organisms fall into one of the following categories: extreme halophiles with optimum growth at 15-30 % (2.5-5.2 M) NaCl; moderate halophiles with optimum growth at 3-15 % (0.5-2.5 M) NaCl; slight halophiles with optimum growth at 1-3 % (0.2-0.5 M) NaCl; non-halophiles with optimum growth at less than 1 % (0.2 M) NaCl; and halotolerant micro-organisms which are non-halophiles showing the ability to tolerate high NaCl concentrations [3]. Halophiles can live in hypersaline environments because they are able to sustain osmotic balance. They use two main strategies to withstand the adverse consequences of water loss when exposed to high salt concentrations. The first strategy used by extremely halophilic archaea (haloarchaea) and halophilic anaerobic bacteria such as members of Halanaerobiales is known as the 'salt-in-cytoplasm' strategy, during which salts such as NaCl or KCl accumulate in the cytoplasm at concentrations similar to the extracellular ones [4,5]. Another mechanism to cope with high salt concentrations is the accumulation of organic molecules such as amino acids, sugars and polyols, known as compatible solutes or osmolytes. Compatible solutes are small and highly soluble molecules that can...

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“…Xylanases could be used for the bleaching of paper pulp (Hung et al 2011 ), processing of animal food to increase feed digestibility, clarifi cation of fruit juices (Beg et al 2001 ), and conversion of biomass to bioethanol and biodiesel (Zhong et al 2009 ). Xylanase producing bacteria could be screened qualitatively by culturing bacteria on solid medium containing xylan.…”

Section: Xylanasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrolytic Enzymes in Halophilic Bacteria, Properties and Biotechnological Potential

Amoozegar

Siroosi

2015

Sustainable Development and Biodiversity

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Halophilic bacteria are one of the most important extremophilic microorganisms that can be found in saline or hypersaline environments which are widely distributed around the world. They are not only adapted to live in saline environments in where other organisms are not able to thrive and grow, but also subjected to other kinds of extreme conditions, like high pH values, high or low temperature, low oxygen availability, pressure, and toxic metals. Because of these abilities, biodiversity and biotechnological applications of halophiles have been studied since then these were introduced to microbiologists. Among different applications of halophilic bacteria, enzymes, especially hydrolases, always have received the most attraction in recent years. Enclosed is a summary review on biology of halophilic bacteria and their general applications with a closer look at the hydrolases produced by these microorganisms (haloenzymes).

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Characterization of a novel GH10 thermostable, halophilic xylanase from the marine bacterium Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum NTOU1

Cited by 75 publications

References 30 publications

Long-Term Enrichment on Cellulose or Xylan Causes Functional and Taxonomic Convergence of Microbial Communities from Anaerobic Digesters

Long-Term Enrichment on Cellulose or Xylan Causes Functional and Taxonomic Convergence of Microbial Communities from Anaerobic Digesters

Systematics of haloarchaea and biotechnological potential of their hydrolytic enzymes

Hydrolytic Enzymes in Halophilic Bacteria, Properties and Biotechnological Potential

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