Hydrolytic Enzymes in Halophilic Bacteria, Properties and Biotechnological Potential

Abstract

Halophilic bacteria are one of the most important extremophilic microorganisms that can be found in saline or hypersaline environments which are widely distributed around the world. They are not only adapted to live in saline environments in where other organisms are not able to thrive and grow, but also subjected to other kinds of extreme conditions, like high pH values, high or low temperature, low oxygen availability, pressure, and toxic metals. Because of these abilities, biodiversity and biotechnological applications of halophiles have been studied since then these were introduced to microbiologists. Among different applications of halophilic bacteria, enzymes, especially hydrolases, always have received the most attraction in recent years. Enclosed is a summary review on biology of halophilic bacteria and their general applications with a closer look at the hydrolases produced by these microorganisms (haloenzymes).

Enhanced halophilic lipase secretion by Marinobacter litoralis SW‐45 and its potential fatty acid esters release

“…The optimal stability and activity of haloenzymes commonly take place at a higher NaCl level and NaCl is needed to manage the structure. However, higher salt level hinders the presence of water in the microenvironment of the protein, thereby causing modifications in the structural and functional role of the enzyme . On the other hand, requirements for magnesium salts are broad among halotolerant and halophilic microorganisms; Mg 2+ is generally required in higher concentrations for growth.…”

Production and Characterization of Extremophilic Proteinases From a New Enzyme Source, Barrientosiimonas sp. V9

“…The molecular weight of these proteases was approximately 60 kDa, 45 kDa, and 35 kDa. In this regard, other studies on proteases from halophilic bacteria reported molecular mass values between 19 and 120 kDa [45]. To confirm the inhibition of the proteolytic activity, casein zymogram was performed in the presence of the aforementioned inhibitors (Fig.…”

Draft Genome Sequence of a Bacterium Isolated from Hypersaline Soil in Sonora, Mexico: Halomonas sp. Strain BLLS135

“…This genus grows under low and high salinity and on various carbon sources ( 3 , 4 ) and even utilizes ectoine as the sole carbon and nitrogen source ( 5 ). In addition, strains of this genus have shown the ability to produce hydrolytic enzymes ( 6 – 8 ). For this reason, our research group studied the hydrolytic capacity of strain BLLS135, which showed great metabolic diversity associated with the production of this type of enzyme and the response to different types of stress.…”