Characterization of a New Human Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell Line, RMS‐GR

Human Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell Lines for Rhabdomyosarcoma Research: Utility and Pitfalls

“…They are described below and summarized in Table 1. There are also 16 human RMS cell lines that have been described and used by single research groups (5–17); these are listed in Table 2. [Of note, during revisions of this article an independent list of human and murine RMS cell lines was published (18). ]…”

Multidrug Resistance Phenotype in the RMS‐GR Human Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell Line Obtained after Polychemotherapy

“…The demonstrated interrelationship between mdr1 and genes implicated in cellular differentiation 29,30) suggests that the presence of this resistance mechanism in RMS cells may be related to the failure of complete reentry in the myogenic differentiation process induced by cytotoxic drugs (differentiation therapy). In fact, previous inmunohistochemical analysis of RMS-GR cells showed only partial differentiation, 13) whereas we have recently shown that low concentrations of actinomycin-D, which do not induce mdr1 overexpression, led to a terminal process of myogenic differentiation in RMS cells. 31) The mechanism that leads to overexpression of P-glycoprotein may involve amplification, increased stability of the protein, or increased transcription without amplification.…”

“…20) To analyze the effect of classical in vivo treatment in RMS, we used the RMS-GR cell line obtained in our laboratory from an embryonal RMS treated with conventional chemotherapy. 13) The RMS-GR cells showed a pattern of cross-resistance to chemically unrelated compounds, such as the antibiotics actinomycin-D and doxorubicin and the vinca alkaloid vincristine, which were used to treat the primary tumor. This pattern of resistance was similar to those found in the resistant RMS TE.32.7.DAC cell line obtained in vitro, 14) and was also described in resistant lines derived from other tumor tissues.…”

“…The RMS-GR cell line, established from the treated embryonal RMS, and the resistant TE.32.7.DAC cell line, established by exposure to increasing concentrations of actinomycin D in the culture medium, were obtained in our laboratory. 13,14) The drugsensitive RMS cell line TE.32.7 was obtained from the ATCC (Rockville, MD) and used as a control for cytotoxicity experiments. The RMS cell lines were grown at 37°C in an atmosphere containing 5% CO 2 , with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (MEM) (Gibco, Grand Island, NY), supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco), 20 mM L-glutamine, 3.5 mg/µl sodium bicarbonate, 4.5 g/liter glucose, 250 U/ml ampicillin and 20 µg/ml streptomycin.…”

“…13) Using this RMS cell line, we investigated the mechanism of resistance mediated by P-glycoprotein against cytotoxic drugs. Our results showed that classical cytotoxic therapy used in the treatment of embryonal RMS may induce an MDR phenotype mediated by mdr1/P-glycoprotein in these tumoral cells, and that the pattern of resistance was similar to those developed by in vitro exposure of RMS cells to drugs.…”