Characterization of a high current pulsed arc using optical emission spectroscopy

Martins, R. Sousa; Zaepffel, Clément; Chemartin, L.; Lalande, P.; Soufiani, Anouar

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/49/41/415205

Cited by 17 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…N II lines are observed in highly-energetic discharges like lightening events or high current pulsed arcs [26,27]. Indeed, producing N +* excited states requires at least 24.296 eV [28], which is the energy necessary for dissociative ionization of N2 by electron collision.…”

Section: Time-resolved Optical Emission Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Cu@ZnO core–shell nanoparticles by spark discharges in liquid nitrogen

Kabbara

Ghanbaja

Noël

et al. 2017

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

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Core-shell nanoparticles are synthesized by nanosecond-pulsed discharges in liquid nitrogen using a two-step process. In a first step, copper nanoparticles (resp. zinc nanosheets) are synthesized by eroding pure copper (resp. zinc) electrodes. In a second step, copper (resp. zinc) electrodes are removed and replaced by zinc (resp. copper) electrodes in the liquid loaded with copper nanoparticles (resp. zinc nanosheets). After erosion and air oxidation, once nitrogen has evaporated, Cu@ZnO core-shell nanoparticles are obtained in both configurations. The shell is always ZnO, because of the unusual formation of zinc nanosheets instead of zinc nanoparticles. When Cu electrodes are used first, copper nanoparticles are wrapped in ZnO nanosheets. When Zn electrodes are used first, copper nanoparticles hit zinc nanosheets and get coated to form also Cu@ZnO. In this latter case, Cu2O@ZnO are sometimes encountered too but to a much lesser extent. Copper oxidation is then attributed to a failure in the zinc protective shell. Time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy measurements reveal that Cu lines and Zn lines are never emitted simultaneously, the element in the liquid remaining outside the discharge area. If zinc nanosheets are synthesized first, N II lines are exclusively observed during the first 200 ns of discharges with copper electrodes, revealing for this process the possibility of highly energetic processes.

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Section: Time-resolved Optical Emission Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Cu@ZnO core–shell nanoparticles by spark discharges in liquid nitrogen

Kabbara

Ghanbaja

Noël

et al. 2017

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

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“…This is particularly relevant in research fields related to the safety and security of vulnerable transportation and the built environment. Reproducing repeatable lightning events within a controlled laboratory environment allows a closer study and better understanding using the same methods, 14,15 but it is not possible to reproduce the combined high current and high voltage components of a natural lightning strike simultaneously, and so, for laboratory tests, either the high current or the high voltage is reproduced representing an individual lightning impulse component.…”

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confidence: 99%

Optical emission spectra of high current and high voltage generated arcs representing lightning

Mitchard

Widger

Clark

et al. 2019

Applied Physics Letters

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A recently developed spectrographic technique was used for the comparison of observed optical emission spectra from self-breakdown in air of high current and high voltage impulse arcs which are often used to represent the respective components of a natural lightning strike for a variety of lightning studies. These components are separated as it is practically impossible to simultaneously generate both in a single arc within the laboratory. The high current aspect is typically related to the amount of damage a lightning arc does to an impacted object and can be used to characterize conductivity properties, whereas the high voltage aspect is typically related to the attachment mechanism of lightning to an object when creating a path to ground and can be used to characterize insulation properties. The spectra of a range of high current arcs up to 100 kA and high voltage arcs up to 120 kV across a 14 mm air-gap between a pair of hemispherical tungsten electrodes were investigated and compared with the natural lightning reference spectrum reconstructed from the literature. All three spectra were found to present similar trends, but the high voltage arc had notably lower blackbody radiation, indicating a less energetic and cooler arc. Further, whereas atomic lines from oxygen and nitrogen were clearly present, an atomic line from argon was not prominent, indicating that the bulk energy delivered into the air was in the range of 1400-1520 kJ/mol. The high current arc, much like natural lightning, delivered a bulk energy greater than 1520 kJ/mol.

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“…High pressure and high energy can cause a lot of damage and can be dangerous for life [12]. As mentioned in the article by Martins et al [5], the electric arc excites atoms of ambient elements. The optical spectrum recorded in this study was based on the nitrogen and the oxygen spectra.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the arc measurements were performed with an optical method, using a spectrophotometer in the visible and near UV light range. Other studies aimed at characterization of the electric arc are presented in a paper by Martins et al [5]. The authors used a high-speed camera to record the optical signal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Radiation from an Electric Arc at Different Frequencies

2020

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The article presents research on the electric arc generated by AC current at different frequencies. The measurement procedure and system are described. Optical spectra of the generated arc in the air were recorded using a spectrophotometer. Optical spectra for five frequencies were obtained. The article also presents the energy balance of the components of the registered spectrum. The visible changes in the spectra that depend on the frequency of the AC current generating the electric arc can be significant to the diagnostics of gas insulators. The research presented in the article can be used in multiple areas of technology where an electric arc is used. The influence of the frequency of the current supplying the electric arc on the electromagnetic radiation spectrum in the area of light radiation emitted by the electric arc allows for the construction of systems that can shape the desired characteristics of the electric arc.

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Characterization of a high current pulsed arc using optical emission spectroscopy

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

Synthesis of Cu@ZnO core–shell nanoparticles by spark discharges in liquid nitrogen

Synthesis of Cu@ZnO core–shell nanoparticles by spark discharges in liquid nitrogen

Optical emission spectra of high current and high voltage generated arcs representing lightning

Optical Radiation from an Electric Arc at Different Frequencies

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