This paper presents the results of analysis of a solid dielectric’s influence on the phenomena associated with the signals emitted by surface partial discharges. Three types of electrode systems were tested, in which solid dielectrics made of pressboard, Teflon, and glass were used. The emission of such signals as radio waves in the Ultra high frequency (UHF) range and optical radiation was analyzed. The measurements were carried out in the insulation systems most commonly used in electrical power equipment, i.e., mineral oil and air. UHF and optical spectrophotometry methods were used to register the emitted signals. The obtained results indicate that the type of material from which the dielectric solid is made may have a potential impact on some ranges of emitted electromagnetic waves during the surface electrical discharges. The research topic undertaken is important in issues associated with high-voltage insulation systems and in particular with surface discharges, which are often the cause of their damage.
This paper presents the results of measurement and analysis of optical radiation emitted by a free burning electric arc. The aim was to determine the application possibilities of optical spectrophotometry for detection of electric arcs. The research works considered electric arc generated with a constant voltage supply between two copper electrodes in the air, carried out under laboratory conditions. A high resolution optical spectrophotometer was used for registration of optical radiation. The analyses involved determination of two dimensionless descriptors obtained for the gathered spectra. Moreover, for each of the registered intensity distributions, the energy values were calculated for three frequency ranges. Based on the measured signals, the possibility of application of spectrophotometry for the optical radiation analysis was confirmed. The analysis indicated that the most energy of optical radiation is detected for the range of 200–780 nm, while above 780 nm almost no optical energy is emitted. Spectrophotometric studies performed in the UV-NIR range are of interest since one can obtain information about the structural defects (at lower wavebands) or impurities and/or point defects (at low energies bands). It was also stated that the obtained descriptors may be applied for diagnosis and identification of electric arc purposes.
The article presents research on the electric arc generated by AC current at different frequencies. The measurement procedure and system are described. Optical spectra of the generated arc in the air were recorded using a spectrophotometer. Optical spectra for five frequencies were obtained. The article also presents the energy balance of the components of the registered spectrum. The visible changes in the spectra that depend on the frequency of the AC current generating the electric arc can be significant to the diagnostics of gas insulators. The research presented in the article can be used in multiple areas of technology where an electric arc is used. The influence of the frequency of the current supplying the electric arc on the electromagnetic radiation spectrum in the area of light radiation emitted by the electric arc allows for the construction of systems that can shape the desired characteristics of the electric arc.
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