Characterization of a chitin synthase cDNA and its increased mRNA level associated with decreased chitin synthesis in Anopheles quadrimaculatus exposed to diflubenzuron

Zhang, Jianzhen; Zhu, Kun Yan

doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2006.06.002

Cited by 90 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In claw tissue of European lobster exposed to teflubenzuron, the gene encoding chitin synthase 1 (CHS1) was 4.7-28 fold higher expressed at the transcriptional level in the high exposure group than in the controls. In line with this finding, increased expression of CHS1, associated with decreased chitin synthesis, has previously been observed in the common malaria mosquito Anopheles quadrimaculatus exposed to diflubenzuron (Zhang and Zhu, 2006). In addition to CHS1, the transcriptional levels of genes encodingchitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) and chitobiase di-N-acetylchitobiase-like (CTBS) were also significantly higher in claw tissue of lobster exposed to teflubenzuron than in controls.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Transcriptional responses to teflubenzuron exposure in European lobster (Homarus gammarus)

Samuelsen

Agnalt

Lunestad³

2015

Aquatic Toxicology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Transcriptional responses to teflubenzuron exposure in European lobster (Homarus gammarus)

Samuelsen

Agnalt

Lunestad³

2015

Aquatic Toxicology

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“…After eliminating adherent tissue completely and cleaning with ddH 2 O, materials were dried under 60°and weighed with an analytical balance (METTLER-MS105DU). Extraction and determination of chitin were performed according to the protocol of Kunyan Zhu (Zhang and Zhu 2006) with slight modifications. All determinations were performed on three or four biological replicates for each sample.…”

Section: Quantification Of Chitin Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutation of a Cuticular Protein,BmorCPR2, Alters Larval Body Shape and Adaptability in Silkworm,Bombyx mori

et al. 2014

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Cuticular proteins (CPs) are crucial components of the insect cuticle. Although numerous genes encoding cuticular proteins have been identified in known insect genomes to date, their functions in maintaining insect body shape and adaptability remain largely unknown. In the current study, positional cloning led to the identification of a gene encoding an RR1-type cuticular protein, BmorCPR2, highly expressed in larval chitin-rich tissues and at the mulberry leaf-eating stages, which is responsible for the silkworm stony mutant. In the Dazao-stony strain, the BmorCPR2 allele is a deletion mutation with significantly lower expression, compared to the wild-type Dazao strain. Dysfunctional BmorCPR2 in the stony mutant lost chitin binding ability, leading to reduced chitin content in larval cuticle, limitation of cuticle extension, abatement of cuticle tensile properties, and aberrant ratio between internodes and intersegmental folds. These variations induce a significant decrease in cuticle capacity to hold the growing internal organs in the larval development process, resulting in whole-body stiffness, tightness, and hardness, bulging intersegmental folds, and serious defects in larval adaptability. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the corresponding phenotype of stony in insects caused by mutation of RR1-type cuticular protein. Our findings collectively shed light on the specific role of cuticular proteins in maintaining normal larval body shape and will aid in the development of pest control strategies for the management of Lepidoptera.T HE cuticle covering the entire body surface of insects not only participates in defense against pathogens and adverse environmental factors, but is also indispensable for constructing and maintaining external morphological characteristics and locomotion during the entire developmental process (Wigglesworth 1957;Delon and Payre 2004;Moussian et al. 2005). Therefore, the cuticle greatly enhances survival ability and adaptability of insects, ensuring its continued existence as one of the most successful life forms in the animal kingdom.The cuticle is a complex composite material mainly comprising chitin fibers and proteins (Andersen et al. 1995;Moussian 2010). Chitin is the polymer of b-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (Gilbert 2011, Chap. 7). In procuticles, chitin fibers are arranged in laminae in an antiparallel manner and superimpose each other, forming sheets of fibrils that are stacked in a helicoidal fashion, maintaining cuticle structure, elasticity, and stability (Bouligand 1965;Neville and Luke 1969;Moussian 2010). In terrestrial insects, the chitin content is positively correlated with body size, suggesting a close relationship with cuticle extension and expansion (Merzendorfer and Zimoch 2003;Lease and Wolf 2010).Cuticular proteins (CPs), the principal structural constituents of cuticle, are encoded by more than 100 genes in known insect genomes (Andersen et al. 1995 The soft, flexible cuticle of Lepidoptera larvae not only bears pressure from ...

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“…Chitin contents of the midgut (including PM), PM only or midgut only were determined using the method as described by Zhang and Zhu (2006). The larvae were divided into two sets as described above and maintained under food and no food conditions.…”

Section: Chitin Content Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

A gut-specific chitinase gene essential for regulation of chitin content of peritrophic matrix and growth of Ostrinia nubilalis larvae

Khajuria

Buschman

Chen

et al. 2010

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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107

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Characterization of a chitin synthase cDNA and its increased mRNA level associated with decreased chitin synthesis in Anopheles quadrimaculatus exposed to diflubenzuron

Cited by 90 publications

References 42 publications

Transcriptional responses to teflubenzuron exposure in European lobster (Homarus gammarus)

Transcriptional responses to teflubenzuron exposure in European lobster (Homarus gammarus)

Mutation of a Cuticular Protein,BmorCPR2, Alters Larval Body Shape and Adaptability in Silkworm,Bombyx mori

A gut-specific chitinase gene essential for regulation of chitin content of peritrophic matrix and growth of Ostrinia nubilalis larvae

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