Characterization of 150 Wheat Cultivars by LC-MS-Based Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics Unravels Possibilities to Design Wheat Better for Baking Quality and Human Health

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. aestivum) contributes to 20% of the human protein supply, delivers essential amino acids and is of fundamental importance for bread and pasta quality. Wheat proteins are also involved in adverse human reactions like celiac disease (CD), wheat allergy (WA) and non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS). Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based label-free quantitative (LFQ) proteomics of aqueous flour extracts, we determined 756 proteins across 150 wheat cultivars grown in three environments. However, only 303 proteins were stably expressed across all environments in at least one cultivar and only 89 proteins thereof across all 150 cultivars. This underlines the large influence of environmental conditions on the expression of many proteins. Wheat cultivars varied largely in their protein profile, shown by high coefficients of variation across different cultivars. Heritability (h2) ranged from 0–1, with 114 proteins having h² > 0.6, including important proteins for baking quality and human health. The expression of these 114 proteins should be amenable to targeted manipulation across the wheat supply chain by varietal choice and breeding for designing healthier wheat with better quality. Further technical development is urgently required to assign functions to identifiable proteins labeled yet uncharacterized in databases and speeding up detection methods to routinely use proteomics in wheat supply chains.

The development and validation of a sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for the quantitative and pharmacokinetic study of the seven components of Buddleja lindleyana Fort.

“…14 In recent years, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) has been routinely used to determine the contents of chemical compounds in traditional chemical materials and also applied in pharmacokinetic studies in rats and humans. 15,16 Moreover, it has been used to study drug metabolism, [17][18][19][20][21][22] toxicokinetics, 23,24 lipidomics, 25,26 proteomics 27,28 and metabolomics. 29,30 The main advantage of mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is the ability to detect a broad range of drugs with high sensitivity and specicity in a single analytical run.…”

Genome-Wide Association Mapping Revealed SNP Alleles Associated with Spike Traits in Wheat

“…The proteins are annotated as bifunctional inhibitors or cereal seed allergens that belong to the seed storage helical domain. These proteins can be found at high concentrations in the seeds of both mono-and dicotyledonous plants and are an important component of the normal human diet [67,68]. Seed storage proteins are proteins that accumulate significantly in the growing seed and serve as nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur storage reserves.…”

Co-factors, Microbes, and Immunogenetics in Celiac Disease to Guide Novel Approaches for Diagnosis and Treatment

“…The structurally distinct nongluten albumins and globulins represent the remaining 10%-15% of protein, with a plethora of molecules that are functionally relevant in grain filling and maturation. [7][8][9] Most wheat allergens are found among the albumins and globulins, 10 including the family of amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) that are prominent allergens as well as activators of innate immunity through their binding to and activation of the CD14-MD2 Toll-like receptor 4 complex. [11][12][13] Wheat gluten proteins have been extensively studied biochemically.…”