Characterization, antioxidant activity, and inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase of extracts from the edible insects Acheta domesticus and Tenebrio molitor

Abstract

Extracts from the edible insects Acheta domesticus and Tenebrio molitor were obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and pressurized-liquid extraction (PLE) using ethanol (E) or ethanol:water (E:W). Characterization by GC-MS was performed and total phenolic compounds (TPC), antioxidant activity (DPPH) and pancreatic lipase inhibitory capacity were assayed.Most extracts, mainly ethanolic extracts, predominantly presented lipids as free fatty acids, followed by aminoacids, organic acids, carbohydrates, hydrocarbons and sterols. The UAE-E:W extracts were different, being characterized by organic acids for A. domesticus, or aminoacids for T. molitor. All the extracts exhibited antioxidant activity, which correlated with TPC values, being the E:W extracts the most effective. All the extracts showed inhibitory activity of lipase, although those from T. molitor and extracted by PLE were the most effective.Therefore, bioactive insect extracts can be selectively obtained by advanced methods of extraction, being aqueous ethanol preferred for antioxidant activity and PLE for inhibitory lipase activity.

Nutritional, Physiochemical, and Antioxidative Characteristics of Shortcake Biscuits Enriched with Tenebrio molitor Flour

“…The highest antiradical activity values against both ABTS •+ and DPPH • were observed for the mealworm flour (0.67 and 2.70 mM TE, respectively). Navarro del Hierro et al [34] studied the DPPH • scavenging activity of mealworm extracts and also confirmed their strong antioxidant properties. As expected, the partial substitution of wheat flour with mealworm flour significantly (p < 0.05) increased the free radical scavenging capacity, as reflected by DPPH • and ABTS •+ scavenging activity values.…”

Dietary Modulation of Oxidative Stress From Edible Insects: A Mini-Review

“…No studies on human subjects were available. Table 1 (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) shows the studies investigating the in vitro antioxidant activity of edible insects and invertebrate fractions. Several methods were taken into account: the most used was the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), performed in 14 papers (7-15, 18-20, 23, 24), while 2,2 ′ -azino-bis(3ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing Abbreviations: 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxy-2 ′ -deoxyguanosine; ABTS, 2,2 ′ -azino-bis(3ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid); CAT, catalase; DPPH, 1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl; CP, compound; FRAP, ferric reducing antioxidant power; GHG, greenhouse gas emissions; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; GST, glutathione Stransferase; LS, lipo-soluble extract; MDA, malondialdehyde; NO, nitric oxide; Nrf2, Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor; ORAC, oxygen radical absorbance capacity; PH, protein hydrolysates; RNS, reactive nitrogen species; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SAHR, scavenging activity on hydroxyl radicals; SOD, superoxide dismutase; SRSC, superoxide radical scavenging capacity; TAC, total antioxidant capacity; TEAC, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity; TOS, total oxidant status; WI, whole insect; WS, water-soluble extract.…”

“…Antioxidant activity was investigated also as scavenging activity against different radicals, metal ion chelating activity, reducing power, or, only for the paper of Sun et al (25), with β-carotene and linolenic acid bleaching tests. Nineteen studies were carried out, involving 30 species of insects; of these, the most studied was Tenebrio molitor, cited in nine papers (6-10, 13-16), followed by Acheta domesticus (6,8,9) and Gryllodes sigillatus (7,19,20), tested in three papers, and Bombyx mori (6,11), Hermetia illucens (21,22), and Lethocerus indicus (6,24) in two papers. Water-soluble fractions were tested in 12 papers (6, 9-15, 17, 18, 20, 24), protein hydrolysates were evaluated in 6 research articles (7,8,16,19,21,22), while lipo-soluble fractions were reported in 2 papers only (6,23).…”

Assessment of chemical composition and antioxidant properties of defatted flours obtained from several edible insects

“…Several authors found polyphenolic compounds in flours or extracts obtained from numerous insects. Thus, Navarro del Hierro et al. (2020) reported that the phenolic content of lyophilized flours obtained from A. domesticus and T. molitor using different extraction methods and solvents ranged between 0.3 and 5 g GAE/100 g for A .…”