Characterization and utilization of solid residues generated upon oil and heat production from carbonate-rich oil shale

Incorporation of retorted oil shale in Brazilian agricultural soil: An assessment of impacts after successive applications

“…1a, increased in the higher ROS dose of 18 Mg ha À1 (T4) in relation to 4.5 Mg ha À1 (T2) and to the treatments without ROS (T1 and T5). This result agrees with Al-Harahsheh et al (2012), Santos (2015) and Al-Saqarat et al (2017) which in desorption experiments showed that ROS is a good source of copper. However, the authors observed that also other elements such as zinc, chromium and/or macronutrients such as calcium and magnesium can be available.…”

Modelling and Optimization for Mortar Compressive Strength Incorporating Heat-Treated Fly Oil Shale Ash as an Effective Supplementary Cementitious Material Using Response Surface Methodology

“…XRD analysis is usually performed to identify the degree of crystallinity and amorphousness of the material. The major minerals present in the parent sample are calcite, quartz, anhydrite, fluorapatite, and traces of clay minerals similar to what has been reported in previous studies [ 4 , 57 , 81 , 82 ]. Quartz was detected in all samples.…”

“…The potential for the recovery and diffusion of unconventional resources (such as shale oil and biofuels) becomes of increasing interest and a director for recent enhancement and development. Shale oil is unconventional fuel produced from fragmented oil shale (OS) rocks with organic matter accounting for 30–35% of the total and inorganic matter (such as sandy-clay minerals) accounting for 65–70% [ 4 , 5 ].…”