Characterization and transferability of Clostridium perfringens plasmids

Brefort, Georges; Magot, Michel; Ionesco, H; Sébald, M

doi:10.1016/0147-619x(77)90008-7

Cited by 175 publications

(110 citation statements)

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“…While early studies of C. perfringens plasmids focused primarily on antibiotic resistance and bacteriocin plasmids (224)(225)(226)(227)(228)(229)(230)(231)(232), the first linkage of C. perfringens toxin production with plasmids occurred over 30 years ago, when loss of CPB production was shown to correlate with the disappearance of a plasmid from a type C strain (233). Later studies then definitively localized several toxin genes to extrachromosomal DNA in a few C. perfringens strains (234).…”

Section: Plasmid Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxin Plasmids of Clostridium perfringens

Adams

Bannam

et al. 2013

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

215

282

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SUMMARY In both humans and animals, Clostridium perfringens is an important cause of histotoxic infections and diseases originating in the intestines, such as enteritis and enterotoxemia. The virulence of this Gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium is heavily dependent upon its prolific toxin-producing ability. Many of the ∼16 toxins produced by C. perfringens are encoded by large plasmids that range in size from ∼45 kb to ∼140 kb. These plasmid-encoded toxins are often closely associated with mobile elements. A C. perfringens strain can carry up to three different toxin plasmids, with a single plasmid carrying up to three distinct toxin genes. Molecular Koch's postulate analyses have established the importance of several plasmid-encoded toxins when C. perfringens disease strains cause enteritis or enterotoxemias. Many toxin plasmids are closely related, suggesting a common evolutionary origin. In particular, most toxin plasmids and some antibiotic resistance plasmids of C. perfringens share an ∼35-kb region containing a Tn 916 -related conjugation locus named tcp (transfer of clostridial plasmids). This tcp locus can mediate highly efficient conjugative transfer of these toxin or resistance plasmids. For example, conjugative transfer of a toxin plasmid from an infecting strain to C. perfringens normal intestinal flora strains may help to amplify and prolong an infection. Therefore, the presence of toxin genes on conjugative plasmids, particularly in association with insertion sequences that may mobilize these toxin genes, likely provides C. perfringens with considerable virulence plasticity and adaptability when it causes diseases originating in the gastrointestinal tract.

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Section: Plasmid Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxin Plasmids of Clostridium perfringens

Adams

Bannam

et al. 2013

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

215

282

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“…It contained (per liter) 13 mg of SrCl,, 3.907 g of MgCl, -6H,O, 0.148 g of Na,SO,, 2.021 g of CaCl, -2H20, 31.841 g of NaCl, 1.336 g of KCl, 0.054 g of NH4Cl, 3.030 g of NaHCO,, and 0.001 g of FeCl, -2Hz0. Half-strength tryptone-yeast extract-glucose (TYG) medium (HSTYG) was used to grow fermentative anaerobes (5). SRB detection kits (Labbge) were used for enumerating sulfate-reducing bacteria (27).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dethiosulfovibrio peptidovorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a New Anaerobic, Slightly Halophilic, Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium from Corroding Offshore Oil Wells

Magot

Ravot

Campaignolle

et al. 1997

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

144

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A strictly anaerobic thiosulfate-reducing bacterium was isolated from a corroding offshore oil well in Congo and was designated strain SEBR 4207T. Pure culture of the strain induced a very active pitting corrosion of mild steel, with penetration rates of up to 4 mm per year. This constitutes the first experimental evidence of the involvement of thiosulfate reduction in microbial corrosion of steel. Strain SEBR 4207T cells were vibrios (3 to 5 by 1 pm), stained gram negative, and possessed lateral flagella. Spores were not detected. Optimum growth occurred in the presence of 3% NaCl at pH 7.0 and 42°C. Strain SEBR 4207T utilized peptides and amino acids, but not sugars or fatty acids. It fermented serine, histidine, and Casamino Acids, whereas arginine, glutamate, leucine, isoleucine, alanine, valine, methionine, and asparagine were only used in the presence of thiosulfate. Peptides were fermented to acetate, isobutyrate, isovalerate, 2-methylbutyrate, H,, and CO,. The addition of either thiosulfate or sulfur but not sulfate increased peptide utilization, growth rate, and biomass; during growth, H,S was produced and a concomitant decrease in H, was observed. The addition of either thiosulfate or sulfur also reversed H, inhibition. 16s rRNA sequence analysis indicates that strain SEBR 4207T is distantly related to members of the genus Thermoanuerobacter (83% similarity). Because the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics cannot be assigned to any described genus, strain SEBR 4207T is designated as a new species of a new genus, Dethiosulfovibrio peptidovorans gen. nov., sp. nov. Strain SEBR 4207T has been deposited in the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und zellkulturen GmbH (= DSM 11002).In 1989, Elf Congo experienced corrosion of the first 5 km of a 23-km main subsea pipeline that transported sour oil (i.e., H,S-containing petroleum) produced from the Emeraude oil field. The corroded segment was replaced, but it corroded again a year later. The whole line was then replaced and operated under a specifically designed biocide treatment regimen. The preliminary examination of the corroded iron showed that the breakthrough was due to bacterial pitting corrosion, with an unusually high penetration rate of about 1 cm per year. Chemical analysis of the pipeline water revealed the presence of up to 0.5 mM thiosulfate. It is likely that the thiosulfate was produced as a result of oxidation of the H,S naturally present in the oil field ecosystem by oxygen that is introduced in the pipelines during processing (10, 15, 22). The corrosion of pipelines was suspected to be due not only to sulfate but also to thiosulfate reduction by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), because computer modeling had shown that thiosulfate reduction could induce the pitting corrosion of steel at higher rates than sulfate reduction (13).Since the pipeline was under a biocide treatment regimen during our microbiological investigations, the production fluids from several wellheads upstream of the line were collected and analyzed. Besides diffe...

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“…The in vitro transferability of Tc-resistance of Clostridium perfringens presented in this paper suggests the possibility that this Tc-resistance transfer occurs in the intestinal tract, as Brefort et al (1) indicated . This mechanism of transfer of Tcresistance is thought to be a major cause of the increase in Tc -resistant pathogens in the human intestinal tract .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…If these factors are on plasmids, as Brefort et al (1) reported, these plasmids should be members of a related incompatibility group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interrelationship between Drug Resistance and Bacteriocinogeny of Clostridium perfringens

Miyoshi

Higa

1984

Microbiology and Immunology

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One hundred and eight strains of Clostridium perfringens were collected from polluted waters and tested for their drug resistance and bacteriocinogeny. Thirty of the strains were tetracycline resistant and 36 were bacteriocinogenic. Only one strain possessed both tetracycline resistance and bacteriocinogen. Transfer experiments on tetracycline resistance and bacteriocinogeny were carried out with several selected strains among these isolates. Both tetracycline resistance and bacteriocinogeny were shown to be transferable by conjugation‐like procedures. Transfer experiments on these two properties revealed that there were two types of recipient strains among the isolates in regard to the acceptance of tetracycline resistance and bacteriocinogeny. In one type of the recipient strain, these two properties seemed to be incompatible although in the other, both tetracycline resistance and bacteriocinogeny were transferred by two‐step mating. Transcipients of this two‐step mating retransferred their tetracycline resistance but not bacteriocinogeny to another recipient strain. The existence of an incompatibility‐like relationship between tetracycline resistance and bacteriocinogeny in one recipient strain, and the inability of these two properties to be co‐transferred from the two‐step transcipients, suggest a certain interrelationship between the factors responsible for tetracycline resistance and bacteriocinogeny.

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Characterization and transferability of Clostridium perfringens plasmids

Cited by 175 publications

References 17 publications

Toxin Plasmids of Clostridium perfringens

Toxin Plasmids of Clostridium perfringens

Dethiosulfovibrio peptidovorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a New Anaerobic, Slightly Halophilic, Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacterium from Corroding Offshore Oil Wells

Interrelationship between Drug Resistance and Bacteriocinogeny of Clostridium perfringens

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