Characterization and structural modification of ammonic lignosulfonate by methylolation

Alonso, Mar; Rodríguez, J. J.; Oliet, Mercedes; Rodrı́guez, Francisco; García, Juan Francisco Blanco; Gilarranz, Miguel Á.

doi:10.1002/app.2119

Cited by 113 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Methylolation of ammonium lignosulfonates allows a substitution of phenol up to 35% (w/w) in resoles (Alonso et al 2001(Alonso et al , 2004b. The physico-chemical and curing characteristics of these resoles are close to those of PF resins (Alonso et al 2004a(Alonso et al , 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Organosolv Wheat Straw Lignin as a Phenol Substitute for Green Phenolic Resins

Tachon¹,

Benjelloun-Mlayah²,

Delmas³

2016

BioResources

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Organosolv wheat straw lignin extracted using the CIMV process TM is a linear, low molecular weight, and natural phenolic oligomer. In this study, organosolv wheat straw lignin was tested as a substitute for 50% to 70% of the phenol in a phenol-formaldehyde-resol resin. The lignin was used without any chemical modification in a one-step synthesis reaction. Parameters such as reaction time and formaldehyde-to-phenol sources (phenol + lignin) mass ratios were optimized to achieve the requirements for industrial wood adhesives in terms of pH, viscosity, and dry matter. For the first time, the formaldehyde ratio was studied in order to reduce resin residual free formaldehyde below 1%. Lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resins were successfully synthesized up to a phenol substitution rate of 70% and showed physico-chemical properties close to standard phenolformaldehyde resins. The thermo-mechanical properties analyzed in dynamic load thermo mechanical analysis were similar to those of the reference resins. Plywood panels manufactured using these lignin-based resins reached the specifications for industrial panels according to the French standard for exterior plywood panels. Moreover, the formaldehyde content of these plywoods was low enough to satisfy even the most rigorous legislation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Organosolv Wheat Straw Lignin as a Phenol Substitute for Green Phenolic Resins

Tachon¹,

Benjelloun-Mlayah²,

Delmas³

2016

BioResources

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“…As EA-derived lignin preserves ether linkages, it suggests that it can be more easily utilized for subsequent chemical upgrading using methods as the ones described above. Other alternative processes involve conversion of lignin to lignosulfonates, which are currently used for production of plasticizers, 18 resins, 19 etc.…”

Section: View Article Onlinementioning

confidence: 99%

Next-generation ammonia pretreatment enhances cellulosic biofuel production

Sousa

Jin

Chundawat

et al. 2016

Energy Environ. Sci.

174

131

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“…17,19 An oven-dried sample (0.1 g) was dissolved in deionized water and diluted to 100 mL in a volumetric flask. An aliquot of 5 mL was pipetted into a 250-mL beaker and diluted to approximately 200 mL.…”

Section: Lignosulfonate Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural modification and characterization of lignosulfonate by a reaction in an alkaline medium for its incorporation into phenolic resins

Mansouri

Farriol

Salvadó

2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:We studied the enhancement of lignin reactivity in an alkaline medium, using sodium hydroxide in a microreactor set. The chemical composition and structural characterization of the reacted lignosulfonate in terms of the phenolic hydroxyl groups, aromatic protons, weight-average molecular weight, number-average molecular weight, and lignosulfonate content of all reacted lignins were determined. The techniques that we used were ultraviolet spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and aqueous gel permeation chromatography. Using response surface methodology, we studied how the temperature and reaction time affected the lignin properties. The reaction conditions were temperatures between 116 and 1808C and reaction times between 18 and 103 min. Modeled response surfaces showed that the two factors affected the lignin properties within the studied ranges. The phenolic hydroxyl groups, aromatic protons, and lignosulfonate content increased when the severity of the treatment increased. The weight-average molecular weight, number-average molecular weight, and solid yield (%) decreased when the severity of the treatment increased. The reactivity of the modified lignins was studied with a formaldehyde reactivity test: more severe conditions produced greater improvements in the formaldehyde reactivity.

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Characterization and structural modification of ammonic lignosulfonate by methylolation

Cited by 113 publications

References 18 publications

Organosolv Wheat Straw Lignin as a Phenol Substitute for Green Phenolic Resins

Organosolv Wheat Straw Lignin as a Phenol Substitute for Green Phenolic Resins

Next-generation ammonia pretreatment enhances cellulosic biofuel production

Structural modification and characterization of lignosulfonate by a reaction in an alkaline medium for its incorporation into phenolic resins

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