Characterization and quantification of histidine degradation in therapeutic protein formulations by size exclusion-hydrophilic interaction two dimensional-liquid chromatography with stable-isotope labeling mass spectrometry

Current developments in LC-MS for pharmaceutical analysis

“…In this case, twodimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) techniques can be employed to increase the separation capacity. Since commercially available 2D-LC systems have recently entered the market 82,83 , 2D-LC approaches are nowadays also increasingly employed in pharmaceutical analysis.…”

Recent Advances in Chromatography for Pharmaceutical Analysis

“…Beyond the coupling of orthogonal RP selectivities, heart-cutting 2D-LC was also applied to other LC modes. For example, Wang et al 36 proposed the characterization and quantification of polar excipients in protein formulation samples by heart-cutting SEC-HILIC 2D-LC.…”

Different Stationary Phase Selectivities and Morphologies for Intact Protein Separations

“…The retention mechanism of HILIC, characteristics of stationary and mobile phases and also applications have been the topic of several recent reviews [27–32]. HILIC alone or in combination with other techniques has been used for the desalting and fractionation of proteins prior to MS, analysis of membrane proteins, or study of protein PTMs [6, 33–35]. The advantage of HILIC is that by utilizing a polar stationary phase it promotes the retention of polar compounds, which are then eluted using isocratic or gradient elution by increasing the hydrophilicity of mobile phase by increasing the proportion of polar aqueous solvent.…”